韓国ドラマの「儒教精神」に嫉妬する中国

「両会」(北京の人民大会堂で開かれる全国人民代表大会、全人代=国会と、国政助言機関の中国人民政治協商会議=政協)期間の3月5日、王岐山・中国共産党中央紀律委員会書記が、韓国ドラマ「星から来た君」に言及した。
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「両会」(北京の人民大会堂で開かれる全国人民代表大会、全人代=国会と、国政助言機関の中国人民政治協商会議=政協)期間の3月5日、王岐山・中国共産党中央紀律委員会書記が、韓国ドラマ「星から来た君」に言及した。韓国メディアは「新しい韓流(1)の時代」が来たと騒いだが、正確なワーディングと、後の中国メディアの報道をよく見ると、必ずしも当たっていない。「全人代でも話題になった」「称賛」という報道を入念に調べてみると、中国の評論家の「韓流」への不適切な偏見と、長年の嫉妬がにじみ出る。

全国人民代表大会(全人代)と全国人民政治協商会議(政協)は、開かれるとその話題で持ちきりになる。「両会」期間中は各省・政府ごとの業務報告大会も開かれる。この日は、北京市の番だった。北京市長を務めたこともある王岐山(2)は、和気あいあいとした雰囲気と伝えられた報告大会で、北京人民芸術劇院長の退屈な文化部門の報告を聞いていた。王岐山が突然、報告に割って入り、冗談めかして話し始めた。

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「今、インターネットで流行っているドラマを見たか。あの、星...何だっけ?」。後ろにいた人物が小さな声で「『星から来た君』です」と教え、王岐山は笑って「なぜ韓国ドラマが中国で人気があるのかという問題を考えてみた」と言った。「韓国ドラマの核心と魂は、歴史と伝統文化の昇華だと思う」と語った。

続けて王岐山がたとえた伝統的な文化は、「家庭生活の些細なことや嫁姑の葛藤、そして倫理と『三綱五倫』(儒教の基本的な道徳指針)などのテーマを言う」と付け加えた。儒教の伝統について話したかったのだろうか?中国の大衆文化にも儒教的な内容を盛り込めばいいという意味にも聞こえる。中国の指導者たちは、長いこと忘れられた孔子(3)を、ときどき人民に広く知らせたがる。全世界に中国文化を広めることを目的として設立された機関は「孔子学院」だ。できれば「国教」にしたいのかもしれない。三綱五倫に込められた歴史的伝統は、中央集権的な統治に非常に適した思想だからだ。

中国メディアの「晨報」などは、「星から来た君」に込められた儒教的伝統を「中国の伝統文化の昇華」と断定して報道する。「中国」や「中華」が作り上げた歴史と伝統を、韓国が持っていってドラマに昇華したという論理だ。このような観点は、中国で韓流が語られ始めた初期の頃から登場する。2006年11月、新華社が引用して報道(4)した中国文化評論家・張国涛は、当時の「チャングムの誓い」ブームについて「奇跡に近い」と評価し「韓国の文化的背景は、中国ほど深くない」とした。中国メディアはつまり「恥ずかしい」と言ったのだ。

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王岐山が中国の大衆文化の発展と関連して言及したことが話題になると、評論家たちは先を争うように論評した。1997年に韓国ドラマ「愛が何だって」が当時の最高視聴率を記録したときや、2006年「チャングムの誓い」に中国全土が熱狂したときと同じように、2014年の「星から来た君」の熱風にも一様に反応し反省している。

3月7日付「中国新聞網」に掲載された文化評論家の楊興東は「文化は境界がなく、品質の問題であり、審査や制度の改革、より先進的な創作環境が必要である」と主張した。大衆文化産業が発展するために、映画・ドラマの制作時に厳しい審査を受けなければならない中国の問題を指摘する。なぜか毎回、問題が核心からそれて「伝統文化の保護というスローガンばかりが世間をにぎわす」という、自嘲混じりの反省もある。「お前はどの国の人間だ? お前のDNAは何だ?」と、審査のたびにやかましく指摘する政策決定者を密かに批判する文章もある。

王岐山は「星から来た君」を持ち出し、よい大衆文化を作ってほしいというメッセージを伝えた。中国のDNAに合わないストーリー、政府の立場に反対する素材やテーマに対して、万里の長城を築いている中国の政策こそ、グローバルなDNAと合わないのではないか。三綱五倫の内容を含む韓国ドラマにならえばいいというのが政治指導者の認識だろうか。1980年代、民主主義が保証されなかった韓国から、よいドラマが出てこなかったことを考えれば簡単なことだ。中国の指導者たちが「儒教的」観念から脱することができなければ、中国大陸の外に一歩たりとも出ることは困難だろう。

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韓国語

韓流 画像集
Super Junior Perform Live In Macau(01 of52)
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MACAU - NOVEMBER 30: South Korean boy band Super Junior performs live at the Cotai Arena in The Venetian on November 30, 2013 in Macau. (Photo by Nicky Loh/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Super Junior Perform Live In Macau(02 of52)
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MACAU - NOVEMBER 30: South Korean boy band Super Junior performs live at the Cotai Arena in The Venetian on November 30, 2013 in Macau. (Photo by Nicky Loh/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Super Junior Perform Live In Macau(03 of52)
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MACAU - NOVEMBER 30: South Korean boy band Super Junior performs live at the Cotai Arena in The Venetian on November 30, 2013 in Macau. (Photo by Nicky Loh/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Super Junior Perform Live In Macau(04 of52)
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MACAU - NOVEMBER 30: South Korean boy band Super Junior performs live at the Cotai Arena in The Venetian on November 30, 2013 in Macau. (Photo by Nicky Loh/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Super Junior Perform Live In Macau(05 of52)
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MACAU - NOVEMBER 30: South Korean boy band Super Junior performs live at the Cotai Arena in The Venetian on November 30, 2013 in Macau. (Photo by Nicky Loh/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Super Junior Perform Live In Macau(06 of52)
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MACAU - NOVEMBER 30: South Korean boy band Super Junior performs live at the Cotai Arena in The Venetian on November 30, 2013 in Macau. (Photo by Nicky Loh/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Super Junior Perform Live In Macau(07 of52)
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MACAU - NOVEMBER 30: South Korean boy band Super Junior performs live at the Cotai Arena in The Venetian on November 30, 2013 in Macau. (Photo by Nicky Loh/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Super Junior Perform Live In Macau(08 of52)
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MACAU - NOVEMBER 30: South Korean boy band Super Junior performs live at the Cotai Arena in The Venetian on November 30, 2013 in Macau. (Photo by Nicky Loh/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Super Junior Perform Live In Macau(09 of52)
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MACAU - NOVEMBER 30: South Korean boy band Super Junior performs live at the Cotai Arena in The Venetian on November 30, 2013 in Macau. (Photo by Nicky Loh/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Super Junior Perform Live In Macau(10 of52)
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MACAU - NOVEMBER 30: South Korean boy band Super Junior performs live at the Cotai Arena in The Venetian on November 30, 2013 in Macau. (Photo by Nicky Loh/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Super Junior Perform Live In Macau(11 of52)
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MACAU - NOVEMBER 30: South Korean boy band Super Junior performs live at the Cotai Arena in The Venetian on November 30, 2013 in Macau. (Photo by Nicky Loh/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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and other his songs for Dongnam Health College students, Suwon, Korea. ... There are over 30,000 people enjoyed PSY\'s Gangnam Style ... (credit:WikiMedia:)
PSY GangnamStyle Suwon19logo (8031994153)(13 of52)
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and other his songs for Dongnam Health College students, Suwon, Korea. ... There are over 30,000 people enjoyed PSY\'s Gangnam Style ... (credit:WikiMedia:)
PSY GangnamStyle Suwon14logo (8031995117)(14 of52)
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and other his songs for Dongnam Health College students, Suwon, Korea. ... There are over 30,000 people enjoyed PSY\'s Gangnam Style ... (credit:WikiMedia:)
PSY GangnamStyle Suwon17logo (8031994479)(15 of52)
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and other his songs for Dongnam Health College students, Suwon, Korea. ... There are over 30,000 people enjoyed PSY\'s Gangnam Style ... (credit:WikiMedia:)
2013 PSY Concert All Night Standing(16 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - DECEMBER 22: Singer PSY performs on stage during \'2013 PSY Concert All Night Stand\' at Olympic Stadium at Olympic Stadium on December 22, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
2013 PSY Concert All Night Standing(17 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - DECEMBER 22: Singer PSY performs on stage during \'2013 PSY Concert All Night Stand\' at Olympic Stadium at Olympic Stadium on December 22, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
2013 PSY Concert All Night Standing(18 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - DECEMBER 22: Singer PSY performs on stage during \'2013 PSY Concert All Night Stand\' at Olympic Stadium at Olympic Stadium on December 22, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
2013 PSY Concert All Night Standing(19 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - DECEMBER 22: Singer PSY performs on stage during \'2013 PSY Concert All Night Stand\' at Olympic Stadium at Olympic Stadium on December 22, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
2013 PSY Concert All Night Standing(20 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - DECEMBER 22: Singer PSY performs on stage during \'2013 PSY Concert All Night Stand\' at Olympic Stadium at Olympic Stadium on December 22, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
2013 PSY Concert All Night Standing(21 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - DECEMBER 22: Singer PSY performs on stage during \'2013 PSY Concert All Night Stand\' at Olympic Stadium at Olympic Stadium on December 22, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - NOVEMBER 03: (EDITORIAL USE ONLY) Miss A arrive for the Youtube Music Awards 2013 at Kintex Hall on November 3, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Youtube Music Awards 2013 In Seoul(23 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - NOVEMBER 03: (EDITORIAL USE ONLY) Miss A perform on stage during Youtube Music Awards 2013 at Kintex Hall on November 3, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Youtube Music Awards 2013 In Seoul(24 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - NOVEMBER 03: (EDITORIAL USE ONLY) Miss A perform on stage during Youtube Music Awards 2013 at Kintex Hall on November 3, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Youtube Music Awards 2013 In Seoul(25 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - NOVEMBER 03: (EDITORIAL USE ONLY) Miss A perform on stage during Youtube Music Awards 2013 at Kintex Hall on November 3, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Youtube Music Awards 2013 In Seoul(26 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - NOVEMBER 03: (EDITORIAL USE ONLY) Miss A perform on stage during Youtube Music Awards 2013 at Kintex Hall on November 3, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Youtube Music Awards 2013 In Seoul(27 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - NOVEMBER 03: (EDITORIAL USE ONLY) SHINee perform on stage during Youtube Music Awards 2013 at Kintex Hall on November 3, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Youtube Music Awards 2013 In Seoul(28 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - NOVEMBER 03: (EDITORIAL USE ONLY) SHINee perform on stage during Youtube Music Awards 2013 at Kintex Hall on November 3, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - NOVEMBER 03: (EDITORIAL USE ONLY) SHINee perform on stage during Youtube Music Awards 2013 at Kintex Hall on November 3, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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BUSAN, SOUTH KOREA - OCTOBER 05: Actor T.O.P of Bigbang award a Rookie prize at Asia Star Awards during the 18th Busan International Film Festival on October 5, 2013 in Busan, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
The 18th Busan International Film Festival - Day 3(31 of52)
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BUSAN, SOUTH KOREA - OCTOBER 05: Actor T.O.P of Bigbang award a Rookie prize at Asia Star Awards during the 18th Busan International Film Festival on October 5, 2013 in Busan, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
The 18th Busan International Film Festival - Day 1(32 of52)
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BUSAN, SOUTH KOREA - OCTOBER 03: (L to R) Taecyeon of South Korean boy band 2PM and actress Lee Yeon-Hee arrive for the opening ceremony of the 18th Busan International Film Festival on October 3, 2013 in Busan, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
The 18th Busan International Film Festival - Day 1(33 of52)
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BUSAN, SOUTH KOREA - OCTOBER 03: (L to R) Taecyeon of South Korean boy band 2PM and actress Lee Yeon-Hee arrive for the opening ceremony of the 18th Busan International Film Festival on October 3, 2013 in Busan, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Seoul International Drama Awards 2013 - Photocall(34 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - SEPTEMBER 05: Junho of South Korean boy band 2PM poses for photographs at the Seoul International Drama Awards 2013 at national theater on September 5, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
'Snowpiercer' South Korean Premiere - Arrivals(35 of52)
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SEOUL, SOUTH KOREA - JULY 29: (L to R) Soo Young and Seo Hyun of Girls Generation attend the \'Snowpiercer\' South Korea premiere at Times Square on July 29, 2013 in Seoul, South Korea. (Photo by Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
South Korean star Bae Yoon-joon (L) and(36 of52)
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South Korean star Bae Yoon-joon (L) and actress Choi Ji-woo wave during a press conference to promote the animation version of their mega hit TV drama Winter Sonata in Tokyo on September 29, 2009. AFP PHOTO / Yoshikazu TSUNO (Photo credit should read YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
South Korean star Bae Yoon-joon (L) and(37 of52)
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South Korean star Bae Yoon-joon (L) and actress Choi Ji-woo smile during a press conference to promote the animation version of their mega hit TV drama Winter Sonata in Tokyo on September 29, 2009. AFP PHOTO / Yoshikazu TSUNO (Photo credit should read YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
South Korean star Bae Yoon-joon (L) reac(38 of52)
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South Korean star Bae Yoon-joon (L) reacts while actress Choi Ji-woo smiles at a press conference to promote the animation version of their mega hit TV drama Winter Sonata in Tokyo on September 29, 2009. AFP PHOTO / Yoshikazu TSUNO (Photo credit should read YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
South Korean star Bae Yoon-joon (L) wave(39 of52)
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South Korean star Bae Yoon-joon (L) waves while actress Choi Ji-woo smiles at a press conference to promote the animation version of their mega hit TV drama Winter Sonata in Tokyo on September 29, 2009. AFP PHOTO / Yoshikazu TSUNO (Photo credit should read YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Two Taiwanese women dressed in tradition(40 of52)
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TAIPEI, TAIWAN: Two Taiwanese women dressed in traditional Korean gown \'hanbok\' look at regalia from hit Korean television drama \'Dae Jang Geum\' during an exhibition on costumes from the show in Taipei, 21 September 2004. Hanbok is becoming a new fashion statement among some Taiwanese women as \'Korean wave\' sweeps the island in recent years. AFP PHOTO/ SAM YEH (Photo credit should read SAM YEH/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
KOCIS Korea President Park France Korea DramaParty 13 (10793230624)(41 of52)
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Hong Kong International Film Festival 2014(46 of52)
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HONG KONG - MARCH 24: Korean band Beat Win member An Sang Gyu attends the Contract signing Ceremony and Press Conference during the 38 Hong Kong Film Festival 2014 on March 24, 2014 in Hong Kong, Hong Kong. (Photo by Xaume Olleros/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Hong Kong International Film Festival 2014(47 of52)
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HONG KONG - MARCH 24: Korean band Beat Win member Jin Seong Ho attend the Contract signing Ceremony and Press Conference during the 38 Hong Kong Film Festival 2014 on March 24, 2014 in Hong Kong, Hong Kong. (Photo by Xaume Olleros/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Hong Kong International Film Festival 2014(48 of52)
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HONG KONG - MARCH 24: Korean band Beat Win member Jo Yun Hoo attends the Contract signing Ceremony and Press Conference during the 38 Hong Kong Film Festival 2014 on March 24, 2014 in Hong Kong, Hong Kong. (Photo by Xaume Olleros/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Hong Kong International Film Festival 2014(49 of52)
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HONG KONG - MARCH 24: Korean band Beat Win member Yim Sun Hyeok attend the Contract signing Ceremony and Press Conference during the 38 Hong Kong Film Festival 2014 on March 24, 2014 in Hong Kong, Hong Kong. (Photo by Xaume Olleros/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Hong Kong International Film Festival 2014(50 of52)
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HONG KONG - MARCH 24: Korean band Beat Win members and A&B Film Enterprises Limited representatives attend the Contract Signing Ceremony and Press Conference during the 38 Hong Kong Film Festival 2014 on March 24, 2014 in Hong Kong, Hong Kong. (Photo by Xaume Olleros/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Hong Kong International Film Festival 2014(51 of52)
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HONG KONG - MARCH 24: (L-R) Korean band Beat Win members Jung Ha, Jo Young Jo, An Sang Gyu, Yim Sun Hyeok, Jo Yun Hoo and Jin Seong Ho attend the Contract signing Ceremony and Press Conference during the 38 Hong Kong Film Festival 2014 on March 24, 2014 in Hong Kong, Hong Kong. (Photo by Xaume Olleros/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Hong Kong International Film Festival 2014(52 of52)
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HONG KONG - MARCH 24: (L-R) Korean band Beat Win members Jin Seong Ho, Jo Yun Hoo, Yim Sun Hyeok, An Sang Gyu, Jo Young Jo and Jung Ha attend the Contract signing Ceremony and Press Conference during the 38 Hong Kong Film Festival 2014 on March 24, 2014 in Hong Kong, Hong Kong. (Photo by Xaume Olleros/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)