同性愛者らの雇用差別を禁止する法案、アメリカ上院で可決しても下院が採決を阻止する可能性

アメリカ民主党のハリー・リード上院院内総務(ネバダ州選出)は11月5日、仮にLGBT(レズビアン/女性同性愛者、ゲイ/男性同性愛者、バイセクシュアル/両性愛者、トランスジェンダー/性同一性障害のうち、外科的手術まで望まない人)の雇用差別を撤廃する「雇用差別禁止法(ENDA)」が上院で採決されたら通過するだろうという見通しを示した。しかし問題は、共和党のジョン・ベイナー下院議長が下院で採決に持ち込ませない可能性があることだ。
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アメリカ民主党のハリー・リード上院院内総務(ネバダ州選出)は11月5日、LGBT(レズビアン/女性同性愛者、ゲイ/男性同性愛者、バイセクシュアル/両性愛者、トランスジェンダー/心と体の性の不一致)の雇用差別を撤廃する「雇用差別禁止法(ENDA)」が上院で採決されたら通過するだろうという見通しを示した。しかし問題は下院で、共和党のジョン・ベイナー下院議長が採決に持ち込ませない可能性があることだ。

「今日、ベイナー下院議長が採決を議会に上程しないと表明したことに愕然としている」とリード院内総務は5日朝、下院の議場内で述べた。「昨日、彼はENDAは好ましくないと言った。今日、彼は採決しないとまで言った。ただし、下院で採決まで持ち込まれたら通過するだろう」

ENDAは性的指向や性同一性に基いて雇用差別することを非合法化するものだ。すでに人種、肌の色、性、国籍、宗教、年齢、障害に基づく雇用差別は禁止されている。

4日には、上院で法案成立の主要な手続きが終了し、事実上週の後半で法案が通過することが保証されている。

しかしベイナー下院議長はENDAに反対しており、下院の上級補佐官も法案は採決まで持ち込まれないだろうと述べている。

ベイナー下院議長のスポークスマンであるマイケル・スティール氏は4日発表した声明のなかで、「ベイナー下院議長はこの法案によってささいな訴訟が乱発し、アメリカ国内の企業活動、とりわけ中小企業のコストが増大すると懸念している」と述べている。若干矛盾しているが、スティール氏はまた、ベイナー下院議長が「こうした雇用差別は現行法で対応できると確信している」とも述べている。全米の21州とコロンビア特別区(ワシントンD.C.)では性的指向に基づく職場での差別を禁じる法律を制定しており、多くの企業が独自の方針で雇用差別撤廃を実施ししている。しかし労働者は依然として性的指向による雇用差別にさらされている。連邦法による保護を受けていないからだ。

2013年7月には、政府の会計検査院(GAO)は報告書を提出し、レズビアン、ゲイ、バイセクシュアル、トランスジェンダーが職場で保護されている州については「性的指向や性同一性に基づく雇用差別への不満は比較的少ない」としている。

「あまり効果のない不十分な州や地方自治体の法律でつぎはぎ的に雇用差別禁止を規定するよりも、連邦法によってすべてのアメリカ人が雇用差別から守られれば、企業や雇用者に対してより雇用差別禁止のルールがより簡素化され、混乱も少なくなるだろう。ベイナー下院議長の『ENDAは企業活動に影響する』という主張は正しくない。冷徹ですらある。性的指向による雇用差別を受けている人たちの悲しみや苦痛を考慮に入れていない。言うまでもないが、彼らは正当な賃金を得られず、生産性も落ちる。職場での差別は毎年起きている」とリード院内総務は述べた。

リード院内総務はTwitterでもベイナー下院議長に対し、彼が懸念している「ささいな訴訟」について攻撃した。ベイナー下院議長は結婚防衛法(DOMA。「一人の男性と一人の女性とによる法的な結合」、「配偶者」を「夫婦である異性の相手」と定義したアメリカの法律。1996年制定)を守るために納税者のお金を使っていたではないか、という主張だ。この結婚防衛法は、2013年6月26日に連邦最高裁で違憲とする判決が下されている。

ベイナー下院議長はささいな訴訟を怖がってENDAに反対している? 彼はDOMAを守ろうとして納税者に200万ドルも負担させてささいな訴訟を招いてしまったではないか!

※LGBTの注釈を訂正しました(2013/11/07 11:33)

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