火星で発見された「ブルーベリー」の謎【画像】

アメリカ航空宇宙局(NASA)の火星探査車「オポチュニティ」は2004年、火星の上で、ブルーベリーに良く似た不思議な物体をたくさん発見した。

アメリカ航空宇宙局(NASA)の火星探査車「オポチュニティ」は2004年、火星の上で、ブルーベリーに良く似た不思議な物体をたくさん発見した。

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研究者らは当初、この直径4~6ミリほどの「火星のブルーベリー」を、太古の火星に水があった(従って、生命が存在した可能性も高い)証拠ではないかと考えていた。だが、赤鉄鉱を含むこの小さな丸い物体は、単なる隕石のかけらであり、形成されたのもごく最近なのかもしれない。

これまでの通説では、このブルーベリー状の物体は、火星の岩石のなかを流れる水によって形成された(多孔質の岩石の間を地下水が流れることによってこのような球体が形成された)と考えていた。この説は、2012年6月発表された研究論文に書かれていたもので、地球上で鉄を多く含む似たような球形の物体が形成されるのと同じ理屈を根拠にしていた。

だが、ハワイ大学地球物理学惑星科学研究所の研究チームは2014年2月はじめ、この球形の物体は、火星の大気中で砕け散った隕石から生じたものだとする論文を、『Planetary and Space Science』誌で発表した。

「隕石説は、(これらの小さな球体のもつ)すべての性質を説明している」と、主席研究者のアヌパム・ミスラ博士は『ナショナル・ジオグラフィック』誌の記事で語っている。

ミスラ博士らによれば、彼らの新しい説は、「火星のブルーベリー」が、「地球上で通常生成される類似の鉱石」よりはるかに小さいという事実によって裏付けられているという。さらに研究チームによれば、表面の風化具合から見て、このブルーベリーのような物体は古代からあったものではない(従って、浸食作用を受けて形成されたとは考えにくい)という。

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だが、たとえこのブルーベリーが火星に液体の水があった証拠ではないとしても、これまでの研究は、かつて火星に水が流れていたことを示唆している。

そればかりか、今でも火星に水が流れている可能性もある。2014年2月初めには、別の科学者らが、火星の表面に見られる謎の筋について、水が流れている証拠かもしれないとする説を唱えている。

[Sara Gates(English) 日本語版:佐藤卓、合原弘子/ガリレオ]

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