タリバン、後継めぐる権力闘争で亀裂 オマル師死亡でアフガン和平協議の行方は?

アフガニスタンの反政府武装勢力タリバンの最高指導者オマル師が死亡した。これにより後継をめぐる権力闘争が表面化して、組織分裂しかねない事態に陥っている。
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An Afghan newspaper headlines pictures of the new leader of the Afghan Taliban, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad Mansoor, left, and Mullah Mohammad Omar, in Kabul, Afghanistan, Saturday, Aug. 1, 2015. The new leader of the Afghan Taliban vowed to continue his group's bloody, nearly 14-year insurgency in an audio message released Saturday, urging his fighters to remain unified after the death of their longtime leader. (AP Photo/Rahmat Gul)
ASSOCIATED PRESS

アフガニスタンの反政府武装勢力タリバンの最高指導者オマル師が死亡した。これにより後継をめぐる権力闘争が表面化して、組織分裂しかねない事態に陥っている。隣国パキスタンの仲介で進められてきたアフガン政府との和平協議の進展も危ぶまれている。

オマル師は1990年代、恐怖政治でアフガンを支配した。2001年3月には中部バーミヤンの巨大石仏をイスラムの教えに反するとして破壊。2001年のアメリカ同時テロの首謀者で国際テロ組織アルカイダのオサマ・ビンラディン容疑者をアフガンに迎えた。一方、姿を見せることはめったにない謎の人物だった。

タリバン政権は2001年に崩壊。その後もタリバンが一定の勢力を温存できたのは、パキスタンが後ろ盾となって幹部らの同国への潜伏を認めてきたことが理由だ。

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8月1日、パキスタンの首都イスラマバードで最高指導者オマル師の死を悼むタリバン支持者たち

オマル師の死が明らかになったことを受けてタリバンは7月29日、複数の幹部で構成される指導者評議会を開き、序列2位のアフタル・マンスール師を新たな最高指導者に選出。副指導者には強硬派ハッカニ・ネットワーク指導者のハッカニ師ら2人が選ばれた

タリバンの内部事情に詳しいアフガン人ジャーナリストはハフポスト日本版の取材に対し、「タリバンの一部幹部は評議会の際、マンスール師の選出に異議を唱えた」と話す。

タリバン内部では穏健派と強硬派の対立が激化し、穏健派のマンスール師は和平協議に積極的とされる。強硬派でナンバー3のザキール師はマンスール師に対抗して武装闘争の継続を主張し、カリスマ性のあったオマル師の息子であるヤクーブ師(26)を後継者に推すよう動いたとみられる。

マンスール師は、タリバンを育てたパキスタン軍統合情報部(ISI)と密接な関係にあるとされ、2年以上前にオマル師が死亡した後、タリバンを主導してきた。比較的穏健派と目され、7月にはオマル師の名前を使いアフガン政府との公式和平協議への支持を呼びかけている。

タリバン内に亀裂 最高指導者死亡 アフガン和平協議、頓挫も 「イスラム国」への流出懸念 - 産経ニュース 2015/08/02 21:56)

この状況下、マンスール師は8月1日、ウェブサイトを通じて約30分間の肉声メッセージを出し、「組織の分裂は敵を喜ばせるだけだ。イスラム法支配のため、ジハード(聖戦)を続けよう」と団結を訴えた

タリバンの年長者が前述のジャーナリストに語ったところによると、マンスール師の当面の優先課題は組織を支配下に収めることで、パキスタンが和平協議を促したとしても、再開には半年から1年かかるという。

さらにこのジャーナリストは、次の通り見通す。「もし、ヤクーブ師がマンスール側に付いたとメディアなどを通じて公に声明を出せば、マンスール師はタリバン内をまとめることができるだろう。しかし、そうしなければマンスール師のグループが将来的に力を失ってしまうことは十分あり得る」。

タリバン内部の分裂はさらに顕在化している。和平交渉責任者であるアガ師は3日、カタールに設置された政治事務所の代表職を辞任すると明らかにした

タリバンとアフガン政府との和平に向けた初の公式協議は、マンスール師の容認のもと7月7日に始まっていた。7月31日に2回目の公式協議が行われる予定だったが仲介役のパキスタンは30日に延期を発表、タリバンは「(協議について)いっさい承知していない」とする声明を出し、交渉の行方は不透明になっている。

アフガンではまた、中東の一部を支配するイスラム教過激組織「イスラム国」(IS)が勢力拡大を図り、タリバン構成員の一部がイスラム国に合流している。マンスール師がタリバンを統率できなければ、一部がISに加わるなどして、さらに過激な行動を起こすことも懸念されている。

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