【村山談話】「痛切な反省の意」「心からのお詫び」いま読み返す(全文)

戦後70年の今、あらためて村山談話を読み返す。
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Former Japanese Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama delivers a speech in Tokyo on May 18, 2015. Murayama, the architect of a landmark Japanese apology for World War II crimes on May 18 urged Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to follow his lead on the 70th anniversary of the end of hostilities. AFP PHOTO / Yoshikazu TSUNO (Photo credit should read YOSHIKAZU TSUNO/AFP/Getty Images)
YOSHIKAZU TSUNO via Getty Images

戦後50年となる1995年8月15日、当時の首相・村山富市氏が第二次世界大戦についての考えを表した、いわゆる「村山談話」を発表した。大戦中のアジアへの侵略行為について、「痛切な反省の意を表し、心からのお詫びの気持ちを表明いたします」と明確に謝罪したもので、以降の政権も公式見解として踏襲する、歴史的な声明だ。

戦後70年の今、あらためてその談話を全文掲載する。

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「戦後50周年の終戦記念日にあたって」(いわゆる村山談話)

先の大戦が終わりを告げてから、50年の歳月が流れました。今、あらためて、あの戦争によって犠牲となられた内外の多くの人々に思いを馳せるとき、万感胸に迫るものがあります。

敗戦後、日本は、あの焼け野原から、幾多の困難を乗りこえて、今日の平和と繁栄を築いてまいりました。このことは私たちの誇りであり、そのために注がれた国民の皆様1人1人の英知とたゆみない努力に、私は心から敬意の念を表わすものであります。ここに至るまで、米国をはじめ、世界の国々から寄せられた支援と協力に対し、あらためて深甚な謝意を表明いたします。また、アジア太平洋近隣諸国、米国、さらには欧州諸国との間に今日のような友好関係を築き上げるに至ったことを、心から喜びたいと思います。

平和で豊かな日本となった今日、私たちはややもすればこの平和の尊さ、有難さを忘れがちになります。私たちは過去のあやまちを2度と繰り返すことのないよう、戦争の悲惨さを若い世代に語り伝えていかなければなりません。とくに近隣諸国の人々と手を携えて、アジア太平洋地域ひいては世界の平和を確かなものとしていくためには、なによりも、これらの諸国との間に深い理解と信頼にもとづいた関係を培っていくことが不可欠と考えます。政府は、この考えにもとづき、特に近現代における日本と近隣アジア諸国との関係にかかわる歴史研究を支援し、各国との交流の飛躍的な拡大をはかるために、この2つを柱とした平和友好交流事業を展開しております。また、現在取り組んでいる戦後処理問題についても、わが国とこれらの国々との信頼関係を一層強化するため、私は、ひき続き誠実に対応してまいります。

いま、戦後50周年の節目に当たり、われわれが銘記すべきことは、来し方を訪ねて歴史の教訓に学び、未来を望んで、人類社会の平和と繁栄への道を誤らないことであります。

わが国は、遠くない過去の一時期、国策を誤り、戦争への道を歩んで国民を存亡の危機に陥れ、植民地支配と侵略によって、多くの国々、とりわけアジア諸国の人々に対して多大の損害と苦痛を与えました。私は、未来に誤ち無からしめんとするが故に、疑うべくもないこの歴史の事実を謙虚に受け止め、ここにあらためて痛切な反省の意を表し、心からのお詫びの気持ちを表明いたします。また、この歴史がもたらした内外すべての犠牲者に深い哀悼の念を捧げます。

敗戦の日から50周年を迎えた今日、わが国は、深い反省に立ち、独善的なナショナリズムを排し、責任ある国際社会の一員として国際協調を促進し、それを通じて、平和の理念と民主主義とを押し広めていかなければなりません。同時に、わが国は、唯一の被爆国としての体験を踏まえて、核兵器の究極の廃絶を目指し、核不拡散体制の強化など、国際的な軍縮を積極的に推進していくことが肝要であります。これこそ、過去に対するつぐないとなり、犠牲となられた方々の御霊を鎮めるゆえんとなると、私は信じております。

「杖るは信に如くは莫し」と申します。この記念すべき時に当たり、信義を施政の根幹とすることを内外に表明し、私の誓いの言葉といたします。

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カメラが捉えた戦後日本
Japan railroad industry(01 of29)
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Passengers on a train traveling from Tokyo to Osaka in Japan go through three minutes of calisthenics under leadership of a drill master, during a five-minute stopover at Hammamatsu on August 27, 1952. This unusual service was set up to help travelers on the long journey limber up at the station which is about half way between the two cities. There is even music for the exercises, and a platform for the drill master. The train waiting to resume the trip at the end of the brief stop is a crack express. (AP Photo/Max Desfor) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan: Health(02 of29)
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Following the teacher on TV, two young women exercise at home in Tokyo, Japan on Nov. 5, 1963. The 15-minute program is one of several on Japanese TV directed especially to housewives who want to exercise for beauty. (AP Photo/Max Desfor) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Pro-Red May Day riots(03 of29)
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Demonstrators stone Japanese policemen at the height of the pro-Red May Day riots in downtown Tokyo on May 1, 1952. Casualties were numerous on both sides as police used tear gas, guns and clubs to beat back the waves of rioters. (AP Photo/Max Desfor) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Riot(04 of29)
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Tokyo metropolitan police take in a rioter at Shinjuku station, July 1, 1952 during the disturbances there by Reds who were marking the second anniversary of the start of the Korean War. The rioters used acid bombs and hurled rocks at the police. More than 100 policemen were injured in the clashes. About 30 of the rioters were arrested on the spot. (AP Photo/Max Desfor) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan People(05 of29)
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Three chorus girls at the Nichigeki music hall dress for a performance in Tokyo, Japan, Jan. 15, 1953. (AP Photo/Max Desfor) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan: Health(06 of29)
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Following the teacher on TV, two young women exercise at home in Tokyo, Japan on Nov. 5, 1963. The 15-minute program is one of several on Japanese TV directed especially to housewives who want to exercise for beauty. (AP Photo/Max Desfor) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Industry(07 of29)
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The combination of two comparative novelties to Japanese audience, TV and American wrestling, bring out a tremendous crowd of fans watching the bouts on an outdoor screen in Tokyo, Japan on Feb. 21, 1954. NTV televised the bouts between visiting American wrestlers and Japanese opponents. The crowd that completely filed and jammed the street cheered, booed and applauded as if they were right at the ringside. (AP Photo/Max Desfor) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Hiroshima City Views(08 of29)
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In the center of Hiroshima stands the skeleton dome (foreground) of the only building preserved from the holocaust on July 7, 1970, which followed the dropping of the atomic bomb on August 6, 1945. Behind it extend Peace Memorial Park, containing monuments and museum, and the surrounding modern city which has been built cover the ruins of the old one. (AP Photo/Max Desfor) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Hiroshima City Views(09 of29)
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Mitsugi Kishida stands in Hiroshima on July 7, 1970 at the same spot from which he photographed a scene of devastation in 1945, after the explosion of the atomic bomb. The Sumitomo Bank, with its high, arched front entrance, has been rebuilt where it stood before the explosion. (AP Photo/Max Desfor) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Hiroshima City Views(10 of29)
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Now 25 years later, the city is rebuilt and seems no different from any other Japanese City. But, memories and reminders of the blast still linger in Hiroshima, Japan on August 4, 1970. (AP Photo/Max Desfor) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan People(11 of29)
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Staring with wide-eyed fascination, a Japanese tot appears even tinier alongside the huge fish tank as he gazes at the wonders inside the tank set up outdoors at a busy downtown intersection in Tokyo, Feb. 7, 1976. The display of colorful tropical and many other varieties of fish in an annual exhibit to usher in the summer season. (AP Photo/Max Desfor) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan film industry(12 of29)
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Japanâs movie makers are now filming the last day of Japanâs 72,809-ton battleship Yamato, the biggest fighting ship ever built. The Shin-Toho Motion Picture Company is re-sinking the super-dreadnaught, in a documentary called âBattleship Yamato.â Here, studio men load shells in the guns of a model of the Yamato as they get it ready for the big scene on June 8, 1953. (AP Photo/Yuichi Ishizaki) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII Post War Japan(13 of29)
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This girl weights each spindle of cotton before it is packed at the Nisshin Cotton Mill at Hamamatsu, Japan on Feb. 12, 1953. (AP Photo/Yuichi Ishizaki) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Geishas 1952(14 of29)
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Students at the school in Osaka learn a fan dance as part of their training as geishas, Nov. 7, 1952. They use typical Japanese painted fans. Japanese geishas have three years of special schooling and two years of apprenticeship before they are on their own. After a period of lowered prestige following World War II, geishas are staging a comeback in Japan. (AP Photo/Yuichi Ishizaki) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII Post War Japan(15 of29)
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The islandâs local dressing for young women, whom have not married. They call the young women âAnkoâ. The tubs they carry are used to draw drinking water in Mt. Mihara, Japan on Sept. 16, 1950. There are only few wells on the island and water is most valuable thing, because the island is volcanic rocks. (AP Photo/Yuichi Ishizaki) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII Post War Japan(16 of29)
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At their desks in classroom, children eat their lunch, furnished through UNICEP - United Nations International Childrenâs Emergency Fund - in Japan on Jan. 5, 1952. (AP Photo/Yuichi Jackson Ishizaki) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII Post War Japan(17 of29)
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Most of the present 1,000 workers at the Nisshin Cotton Mill at Hamamatsu, Japan, are young girls around 20 years of age. The mill takes pride in the clean dormitories that house 90 percent of the workers who do not care to commute to their homes. These girls read and sew in their quarters on Feb. 12, 1953, as they sit around the âhibachi,â a sand-filled urn in which charcoal is placed to heat the room. (AP Photo/Yuichi Ishizaki) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
WWII Japan post war(18 of29)
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A 1949 Chevrolet will be raffled off at an international bazaar to be held September 24, in a drive to collect $500,000 and 30,000,000 Yen for erecting new buildings for the Sacred Heart College at the site of ex-Prince Higashi Kuniâs (the prime minister just after the surrender) palace in Tokyo on Sept. 10, 1949. Tickets are 360 yen or $1 each, and the winner will be able to drive the car home immediately after the drawing. (AP Photo/Yuichi Ishizaki) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
World War II Post War Japan(19 of29)
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âAnkoâ looking toward the only desert in Japan from the first crest in Japan on Sept. 16, 1950. (AP Photo/Yuichi Ishizaki) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
World War II Post War Japan(20 of29)
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âAnkoâ sings a Islandâs folk-song to the sight-seeing visitors in Japan on Sept. 16, 1950. (AP Photo/Yuichi Ishizaki) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Warships To Visit Pearl Harbor 1958(21 of29)
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Four warships from the Japanese Navy hauled up anchor Jan. 14, 1958, and steamed for Pearl Harbor - the first naval visit since the 1941 air attack. Send-off ceremony was held alongside the flagship destroyer Harukaze before departure in Tokyo. High ranking officials of the Defense Board Agency and families of crewmen and academy graduates attended the ceremony. Kaya (288) and Kusu (281) leaves the pier for Honolulu. (AP Photo/Mitsunori Chigita) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Warships To Visit Pearl Harbor 1958(22 of29)
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Four warships from the Japanese Navy hauled up anchor Jan. 14, 1958, and steamed for Pearl Harbor - the first naval visit since the 1941 air attack. Send-off ceremony was held alongside the flagship destroyer Harukaze before departure in Tokyo. High ranking officials of the Defense Board Agency and families of crewmen and academy graduates attended the ceremony. Kaya (288) and Kusu (281) leaves the pier for Honolulu. (AP Photo/Mitsunori Chigita) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Health(23 of29)
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A group of disabled Japanese children exercise while leaning on braces and crutches in the yard of the Seishi-Royogo-En childrenâs rehabilitation hospital near Tokyo, April 11, 1958. Surgical, traction and exercise equipment contributed by the United Nations Childrenâs Fund (UNICEF) have helped at the hospital. The World Health Organization provided technical guidance for establishment of the center, which can care for up to 200 patients. (AP Photo/Mitsunori Chigita) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Health(24 of29)
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Special harness-like exercise devices are employed by nurse to help strengthen bodies of two polio patients at the Seishi-Royogo-En rehabilitation hospital near Tokyo, Japan, April 11, 1958. Seven-year-old Nobuyuji Kimura, left, is improving his neck muscles and 9-year-old Yoshio Shimuz is learning how to stand. With the help of the United Nations Childrenâs Fund (UNICEF) and the World Health Organization, the Japanese government is setting up 47 such hospitals to care for thousands of crippled children in the country. (AP Photo/Mitsunori Chigita) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Rock 'n' Roll(25 of29)
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The ears of the Shinto God of Marriage and of worshipers at the Kanda Myojin Shrine in Tokyo were assailed on Tuesday, May 13, 1958, by the furious caterwauling of Japanâs rockabilly king Keijiro Yamashita. âKei-Chanâ abandoned his usual horde if screaming teenage fans and his extravagant pseudo-Western garb to give a happi-coated, but gyrating, musical offering to the god at the shrineâs annual festival. The shrine staged the noisy break from tradition in an effort to recover its lost glories of the past when its festival was one of the big events of the Tokyo calendar. (AP Photo/Mitsunori Chigita) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Chorus Girls(26 of29)
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Japanese girls of the Schochiku dancing troupe rehearse one of their new numbers in the ânatsu-no-odoriâ summer dance scene which they will perform at the Kokusai Theater in Tokyo on July 11, 1958. They are doing one of the specialties, a line dance. (AP Photo/Mitsunori Chigita) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Hula Hoop in Japan(27 of29)
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A young Japanese woman in a kimono takes part in the Hula-Hoop craze that has swept America and Japan in this Oct. 30, 1958 picture. (AP Photo/Mitsunori Chigita) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Tokyo Buildings(28 of29)
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Japanâs highest manmade structure, and one of the worldâs tallest 1,088 feet into the sky was dedicated. The public named it âTokyo Towerâ it cost three million dollars and looms over Tokyoâs skyline like a giant steel needle. Four thousand tons of steel girders and 30 tons of paint went into the tower. Each leg is supported by eight concrete pillars driven to a depth of 24 yards. A night view of the giant tower as it looms over the city on Tuesday, Dec. 23, 1958. (AP Photo/Mitsunori Chigita) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Firefighters History(29 of29)
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Japanese firemen, wearing the traditional Happi coat, parade in front of the reviewing stand in Tokyoâs Meiji Shrine Outer Gardens, during the annual firemenâs festivities, Jan. 16, 1959. The standard-bearers happily swing their decorated standards during the parade. (AP Photo/Mitsunori Chigita) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)