ミャンマー、軍政から民主化への変化を見続けた20年 フォトジャーナリスト宇田有三さんが入門書

フォトジャーナリスト宇田有三さんが記した入門書が4月下旬に出版された。全土(7州8地域)のフォトルポルタージュと、複雑な歴史・民族・宗教を概観している。
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宇田有三

ミャンマーで20年以上にわたって取材を続けてきたフォトジャーナリスト宇田有三さん(52)が記した入門書「観光コースでないミャンマー(ビルマ)」 (観光コースでないシリーズ=高文研)が4月下旬に出版された。これまで軍事独裁政権下の厳しい統制をかいくぐって全国各地を訪れており、同著では全土(7州8地域)のフォトルポルタージュと、複雑な歴史・民族・宗教を概観している。

ミャンマーは2011年3月に民政移管が実施され、これを商機とみた外国人ビジネスマンが押し寄せている。また、外国人観光客が急増。同著では、ゲイのカップルが2014年3月、同性愛者としてカミングアウトして公の場で結婚式を挙げたことも記した。社会規範がすさまじい勢いで変化している一例なのだが、「びっくりしました。ここまで変わるとは思っていませんでした」と話す。

最大都市ヤンゴンやマンダレーなど都市部を中心に、多くの人々がスマートホンを持つようになり、SNS(ソーシャルネットワーキングサービス)を利用するようになった。現地メデイアや多くの人たちがFacebookを使って情報発信をするなど、発言の自由度が格段に向上している。今ではFacebook中毒も珍しくないという。

宇田有三
ミャウー遺跡の寺院で仏像に手を合わせるラカイン人の女の子(ラカイン州)
宇田有三
ボボジー・パゴダ(仏塔)。同国初のユネスコ世界遺産(2014年6月)に認定されたタイエーキッタヤー(「ピュー王朝の古代都市群」)敷地内に建つ(バゴー地域)
宇田有三
顔いっぱいに刺青が入ったチン人の女性(チン州)
宇田有三
「上ビルマ」のザガイン地域には、緑や青い目をしたポルトガル系の子孫バインジー人が暮らしている。
宇田有三
1月4日は独立記念日に当たる。アウンサンスーチー氏が、自らが党首を務める国民民主連盟(NLD)の本部(ヤンゴン)で演説する。
宇田有三
自らがゲイであるとカミングアウトし、同国で初めて公の場で結婚式を挙げたティンココさん(左)とミョウミンテッさんが結婚指輪を見せてくれた。
宇田有三
無礼講となる新年の「水かけ祭り」(4月半ば)の最中、若者たちは欧米のファッションを真似して羽目を外す(マンダレー)
宇田有三
「パンディー」と呼ばれる中華系のムスリムがモスクで拝む(マンダレー)
宇田有三
アジアと欧州を東西に結ぶ、東西回廊「アジアハイウェイ1号線」(カレン州)
宇田有三
新首都「ネピドー」の国会議事堂前は20車線の巨大道路が広がる。車線の多さでは、世界で最も広い道路だといわれる。
宇田有三
吉兆のシンボルとされる「白象」は、その色だけでなく、骨格や尾の形などの諸規定に合致するかが重要視される(ヤンゴン)
宇田有三
巨大経済特区が計画されるダウェーのマウンマガン海岸(タニンダイー地域)
宇田有三
東側の参道から望む、夕暮れのシュエダゴン・パゴダ(ヤンゴン)
宇田有三
ティリミンガラタウングェ・パゴダの前で記念撮影する国軍兵士たち(カヤー州)
宇田有三
空から見る円形の「インセイン刑務所」(ヤンゴン)
宇田有三
上座仏教が8割を占める同国にあって、キリスト教徒は1割にも満たない。チン丘陵に建つ教会(チン州)
宇田有三
ビルマ(ミャンマー)には様々な形のパゴダ(仏塔)を見かける。ベンニティラー・パゴダ(モン州)
宇田有三
ビルマ(ミャンマー)には様々な形のパゴダが建つ。チュクレー・パゴダ(カレン州)
宇田有三
仏教徒とイスラーム教徒の対立から避難民が生まれている。バングラデシュ東部コックスバザール近郊のロヒンジャ(ムスリム集団)の非公式キャンプ。
宇田有三
インド発祥のイスラーム教「ムガール帝国」、最後の王の墓がヤンゴンにある。
中野渉
宇田有三さん=東京・神田

宇田さんは、神戸の中学校の英語教師を2年で辞めて1990年に写真を学ぶため渡米。当時内戦下のエルサルバドルの取材をきっかけにプロのフォトジャーナリストになった。その後、ミャンマーに目を向けるようになり、現地でミャンマー語を学んだ。外国人ジャーナリストの取材が厳しく制限されるなか入国を繰り返し、訪問は30回を超え。当局から3回拘束もされた。2003年と2006年には現地に長期滞在した。

ミャンマー軍と少数民族勢力との戦闘は60年を超えており、ミャンマーが抱える大きな問題だ。宇田さんは、この状況に対する日本人の関心が低いと嘆く。「ビジネスで行く人たちは最低限の歴史を知ってほしい。現地に進出した中小企業の多くが失敗しているのは、現地の理解が少ないからだと思います」。

今後、ミャンマーはどうなっていくのか。宇田さんは「フィリピンのようになるのでしょうか。軍の力が強く、地方では少数民族との衝突が続く。イスラム系の人たちを抱える。民主化に伴い、貧富の差も激しくなる」と見ている。

民主化が進んだことで取材の自由度は増した一方、「仕事がなくなりました」とも話す。だから、今回の出版は「一区切り」でもあるという。多少詳細な情報も含まれているが、「研究者にも参考にしてほしいと思いました。また、勉強させてくれたミャンマーへの恩返しでもあります」との思いでまとめた。今後、約10万枚撮りためた写真をデータベース化するという。

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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 19: Former U.S. first lady Laura Bush (R) shakes hands with Burmese opposition politician Aung San Suu Kyi (3rd R) as House Minority Leader Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-CA) (L) applauds during a U.S. Congressional Gold Medal presentation ceremony at the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol September 19, 2012 in Washington, DC. Aung San Suu Kyi was presented with the medal for her leadership and commitment to human rights and for promoting freedom, peace and democracy in Myanmar, also known as Burma. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Aung San Suu Kyi Receives Congressional Gold Medal At Ceremony On Capitol Hill(38 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 19: (L-R) Former U.S. first lady Laura Bush, U.S. House Minority Leader Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), and Burmese opposition politician Aung San Suu Kyi attend a U.S. Congressional Gold Medal presentation ceremony at the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol September 19, 2012 in Washington, DC. Aung San Suu Kyi was presented with the medal for her leadership and commitment to human rights and for promoting freedom, peace and democracy in Myanmar, also known as Burma. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Aung San Suu Kyi Receives Congressional Gold Medal At Ceremony On Capitol Hill(39 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 19: Burmese opposition politician Aung San Suu Kyi speaks after being presented with a U.S. Congressional Gold Medal during a presentation ceremony at the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol September 19, 2012 in Washington, DC. Aung San Suu Kyi was presented with the medal for her leadership and commitment to human rights and for promoting freedom, peace and democracy in Myanmar, also known as Burma. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Aung San Suu Kyi Receives Congressional Gold Medal At Ceremony On Capitol Hill(40 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 19: (L-R) U.S. House Minority Leader Rep. Nancy Pelosi (D-CA), Speaker of the House Rep. John Boehner (R-OH), and Secretary of State Hillary Clinton applaud after Burmese opposition politician Aung San Suu Kyi finishes her speech during a U.S. Congressional Gold Medal presentation ceremony at the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol September 19, 2012 in Washington, DC. Aung San Suu Kyi was presented with the medal for her leadership and commitment to human rights and for promoting freedom, peace and democracy in Myanmar, also known as Burma. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Meets With Senate Leadership(41 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 19: Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi (C) poses for photographs with (L-R) Sen. Barbara Milkulski (D-MD), Sen. John Kerry (D-MA), Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY), Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV), Sen. Jim Webb (D-VA) and Sen. Saxby Chambliss (R-GA) at the U.S. Capitol September 19, 2012 in Washington, DC. Suu Kyi will receive the U.S. Congressional Gold Medal during her 18-day cross-country tour of the United States. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Meets With Senate Leadership(42 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 19: Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi meets with Sen. Barbara Milkulski (D-MD) (L) and Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman John Kerry (D-MA) (C) and other members of the U.S. Senate leadership at the U.S. Capitol September 19, 2012 in Washington, DC. Suu Kyi will receive the U.S. Congressional Gold Medal during her 18-day cross-country tour of the United States. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Meets With Senate Leadership(43 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 19: Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi (L) meets with Sen. Kelly Ayotte (R-NH), Sen. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) and Sen. Lindsey Graham (R-SC) and other members of the U.S. Senate leadership at the U.S. Capitol September 19, 2012 in Washington, DC. Suu Kyi will receive the U.S. Congressional Gold Medal during her 18-day cross-country tour of the United States. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Meets With Senate Leadership(44 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 19: Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi (C) poses for photographs with Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) (R) and Senate Minority Leader Mitch McConnell (R-KY) at the U.S. Capitol September 19, 2012 in Washington, DC. Suu Kyi will receive the U.S. Congressional Gold Medal during her 18-day cross-country tour of the United States. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Speaks At The U.S. Institute of Peace(45 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (L) welcomes Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi to the United States Institute of Peace September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Hillary Clinton Meets With Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi(46 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (R) meets with Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi in Clinton\'s office at the State Department September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Hillary Clinton Meets With Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi(47 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (R) meets with Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi in Clinton\'s office at the State Department September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Speaks At The U.S. Institute of Peace(48 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton (L) welcomes Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi to the United States Institute of Peace September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Speaks At The U.S. Institute of Peace(49 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi visits the United States Institute of Peace September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Speaks At The U.S. Institute of Peace(50 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi addresses the United States Institute of Peace as part of an 18-day tour of the United States September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Nobel Peace Prize Winner Aung San Suu Kyi Speaks At The U.S. Institute of Peace(51 of51)
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WASHINGTON, DC - SEPTEMBER 18: Nobel Peace Prize winner and Burmese pro-democracy opposition leader Daw Aung San Suu Kyi addresses the United States Institute of Peace as part of an 18-day tour of the United States September 18, 2012 in Washington, DC. Having spend most of the last two decades as a political prisoner under house arrest in her home nation of Myannmar, formerly known as Burma, Suu Kyi was elected to Parliament in 2012 and her political party, the National League for Democracy, won a majority of seats. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)