NASA、火星探査機MAVENを打ち上げ 「なぜ大気失ったのか」謎を調査

NASA(米航空宇宙局)は11月18日、無人探査機「MAVEN」(メイブン)を打ち上げた。来年9月に火星に到着し、大気の調査をする。
Open Image Modal
An AtlasV rocket, carrying the Maven spacecraft, blasts off at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, Fla., on Monday, Nov. 18, 20131. Maven is on a 10-month journey will directly assess the atmosphere of the planet Mars. (Red Huber/Orlando Sentinel/MCT via Getty Images)
Orlando Sentinel via Getty Images

NASA(米航空宇宙局)は11月18日、無人探査機「MAVEN」(メイブン)を打ち上げた。来年9月に火星に到着し、大気の調査をする。

かつては温暖で水にあふれる環境だった火星が、ほとんどの大気を失って赤い惑星に変化した謎を解明するのが目的。NASAは2030年代に有人火星飛行の実現を目指しており、将来に向けて飛行士の活動環境や有望な着陸地点の候補を探る狙いもある。

(47NEWS「NASA、火星探査機打ち上げ 有人飛行へ布石」より 2013/11/19 09:14)

NASAは2030年までに火星への有人飛行を目指し、今年3月、ロードマップを更新している。

米国は火星飛行への足掛かりとして小惑星探査を重視。21年にも直径7〜10メートルの小惑星を無人宇宙船で捕獲して月の軌道付近まで運び、有人宇宙船で到着した飛行士が探査する計画だ。

米国はオバマ大統領が10年、火星周回軌道に人類を送り込む計画を発表。アポロ宇宙船に似た新型宇宙船「オリオン」と大型ロケット「SLS」の開発を着々と進めている。

(MSN産経ニュース「2030年火星への旅、NASAが新たな工程表 月面や小惑星探索など有人飛行へ準備着々」より 2013/09/30)

火星への有人飛行は、宇宙船による放射線被曝をどう防ぐか、食料や飲料水の確保をどうするかなど課題もまだ多いが、ここに日本が貢献できる可能性があるという。

水や空気の浄化・再生は日本の得意技術とされる。ISSでは飛行士の尿や船内の水蒸気から飲料水を再生する米国の装置が稼働中だが、再生率は70%ほど。JAXAは省電力で再生率90%程度の装置を民間と研究しており、こうした日本の環境技術が火星飛行にも生かされる可能性がある。

火星計画に日本が参加するかは白紙だが、JAXAの横山哲朗参与は「日本人飛行士はISSでの評価が高い。人類初の火星探査にも加わってほしい」と期待を込める。

(MSN産経ニュース「2030年火星への旅、NASAが新たな工程表 月面や小惑星探索など有人飛行へ準備着々」より 2013/09/30)

ハフィントンポスト日本版はFacebook ページでも情報発信しています

関連記事

NASA 火星探査機打ち上げ 写真集
NASA's MAVEN Orbiter Set For Mission to Mars(01 of07)
Open Image Modal
CAPE CANAVERAL, FL - NOVEMBER 16: In this handout photo provided by NASA, the United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket with NASA\'s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft as payload rolls out of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41 Vertical Integration Facility to the launch pad November 16, 2013 in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The space agency\'s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission (MAVEN for short) is on a mission to study the upper atmosphere of Mars in hopes to discover how the planet lost most of its atmosphere and liquid water. (Photo by Bill Ingalls/NASA via Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
NASA's MAVEN Orbiter Set For Mission to Mars(02 of07)
Open Image Modal
CAPE CANAVERAL, FL - NOVEMBER 16: In this handout photo provided by NASA, the United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket with NASA\'s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft as payload rolls out of the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41 Vertical Integration Facility to the launch pad November 16, 2013 in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The space agency\'s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission (MAVEN for short) is on a mission to study the upper atmosphere of Mars in hopes to discover how the planet lost most of its atmosphere and liquid water. (Photo by Bill Ingalls/NASA via Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
NASA's MAVEN Orbiter Set For Mission to Mars(03 of07)
Open Image Modal
CAPE CANAVERAL, FL - NOVEMBER 17: In this handout photo provided by NASA, The United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket with NASA\'s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft onboard is seen at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 41 on November 17, 2013 in Cape Canaveral, Florida. The space agency\'s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN mission (MAVEN for short) is on a mission to study the upper atmosphere of Mars in hopes to discover how the planet lost most of its atmosphere and liquid water. (Photo by Bill Ingalls/NASA via Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
US-SPACE-MAVEN-LAUNCH(04 of07)
Open Image Modal
NASA\'s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft onboard an Atlas 5 rocket lifts on November 18, 2013 from pad 41 at Cape Canaveral, Florida. The spacecraft is scheduled to go into orbit around Mars on September 22, 2014 and begin taking data on the upper atmosphere, solar winds and magnetic fields that will be transmitted back to Earth. AFP PHOTO/Bruce Weaver (Photo credit should read BRUCE WEAVER/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
US-SPACE-MAVEN-LAUNCH(05 of07)
Open Image Modal
NASA\'s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft onboard an Atlas 5 rocket lifts on November 18, 2013 from pad 41 at Cape Canaveral, Florida. The spacecraft is scheduled to go into orbit around Mars on September 22, 2014 and begin taking data on the upper atmosphere, solar winds and magnetic fields that will be transmitted back to Earth. AFP PHOTO/Bruce Weaver (Photo credit should read BRUCE WEAVER/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
US-SPACE-MAVEN-LAUNCH(06 of07)
Open Image Modal
NASA\'s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft onboard an Atlas 5 rocket is viewed November 18, 2013 as it lifts off from pad 41 at Cape Canaveral, Florida. The spacecraft is scheduled to go into orbit around Mars on September 22, 2014 and begin taking data on the upper atmosphere, solar winds and magnetic fields that will be transmitted back to Earth. AFP PHOTO/Bruce Weaver (Photo credit should read BRUCE WEAVER/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
US-SPACE-MAVEN-LAUNCH(07 of07)
Open Image Modal
NASA\'s Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft onboard an Atlas 5 rocket is viewed November 18, 2013 as it lifts off from pad 41 at Cape Canaveral, Florida. The spacecraft is scheduled to go into orbit around Mars on September 22, 2014 and begin taking data on the upper atmosphere, solar winds and magnetic fields that will be transmitted back to Earth. AFP PHOTO/Bruce Weaver (Photo credit should read BRUCE WEAVER/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)