建国から1年 南スーダンは希望の国から生き地獄へと化した

2013年12月15日、新生国家南スーダンの首都ジュバにある大統領警備隊の兵舎で銃声が鳴り響いた。対立する部族出身の兵士たちがお互いに銃を向けあったのだ。
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2013年12月15日、新生国家南スーダンの首都ジュバにある大統領警備隊の兵舎で銃声が鳴り響いた。対立する部族出身の兵士たちがお互いに銃を向けあったのだ。

戦闘がどのように始まったのかについては今も議論が続いている。ディンカ族出身のサルバ・キール大統領は、ヌエル族のリエック・マチャル元副大統領によるクーデター未遂だと非難した。マチャル元副大統領はキール大統領の謀略だと主張した

しかし、この戦闘は民族間の殺戮へと発展した。数日の間に国中で暴力が席巻した。1年たった今、キール大統領とマチャル副大統領にそれぞれ忠誠を誓った兵士たちが、大量殺戮、失踪、拷問、レイプの責任を問われている。人権団体は世界で最も若い国、南スーダンを「生き地獄」と表現した

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2014年10月16日、45歳のアメルさんは、ミンカマン避難所から食料の配給を受けていないと語り、お手上げの様子を見せた。(Alissa Everett/Humanity United)

何十年にも及んだ内戦の末、2011年に南スーダンがスーダンから独立を勝ち取ったとき、希望は空よりも高かった。世界で最も若い国の誕生は「南アフリカでのアパルトヘイト終結以来、アフリカで最も希望あふれるニュースだった」と、アフリカで活動するジャーナリストのジェームス・ベリニ氏はナショナル・ジオグラフィックの記事で述べた。国際オブザーバーは南スーダンがその莫大な資源を戦争による荒廃から立ち上がるのに使うことを希望していた。「南スーダンは膨大な、しかしまだ実現していない農業の潜在力がある」。2012年の世界銀行による報告書によると、70%の土地が農業に適していることに注目している。この新しい国は莫大な石油埋蔵量があり、独立後の政府の収入の98パーセントを石油が担っていた

夢は瞬く間に覚めていった。「政治的エゴの抗争が民族間紛争に変わった」とイギリスの新聞「ガーディアン」は1月に報じた。12月上旬、人権団体「ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチ」は報告書で、暴力が「南スーダンの2つの主要部族に深い溝を作り、これから続く何十年もの間、この国を混乱させる可能性がある」と述べた。

1年が経ち、国際赤十字は南スーダンが「忘れ去られた国」となる危険があると警告する。これが、この国の暴力にもっと注目するべき理由だ。

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南スーダン 2014年 (Alissa Everett/Humanity United)

■ 少なくとも5回失敗した停戦

キール大統領とマチャル元副大統領は1月、5月、6月、8月、そして11月と停戦協定を結んだ。しかし、停戦は数時間のうちにことごとく破棄されている。明らかに機能しなかった。

人権活動家で法学者のデヴィッド・アブラモウィッツ博士は「この和平交渉はアフリカ政府間開発機構(IGAD)の仲介で行われたが、加盟国の中には紛争当事者の一方を擁護し、南スーダン政府への経済制裁を拒否した」と述べた。アメリカ政府はキール大統領とマチャル元副大統領の双方に制裁措置をとったが、ロイターによると、ヨーロッパ諸国から国連に要請した武器禁輸措置は「過度に南スーダン政府を弱体化させる」として国連安全保障理事会で否決された。ある政府高官は取材陣に対し、「我々は武器禁輸措置のリスクは認識しているが、一方で大量殺戮が1年も続いており、武器が過剰に供給されている」と述べた。

ハリエ・メンケリオス国連特使は、「和平プロセスは困難を極めているのは間違いない。南スーダンは希望と絶望、勇気と疑問の間を揺れ動いている」と述べた。2014年はじめに停戦は破れたが、スーダンの外務大臣はワシントンで行われたアメリカ政府との会談で「和平は間近に迫っている」と述べた。

■ 少なくとも5万人が殺害されている

世界の紛争解決を目的として政策提言を行うNGO「国際危機グループ」(ICC)は12月上旬、南スーダンで少なくとも5万人が殺害されているが、信頼のおける情報が不足しており、死者数は10万人に上る可能性もあると推定した。

殺戮の規模はすさまじく、キール大統領とマチャル元副大統領双方が残虐行為に加担している。特に衝突が発生た当初の数カ月間で老人、障害者や子供を含めた民間人を標的とした攻撃が繰り広げられたとヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは指摘している。

AFP通信によると、南スーダンの武装集団は明らかに深刻な事態を招いているが、それでも病床で患者を撃ち殺し、集団レイプし、教会で民間人を殺害し、沼地に避難民を追い込んで機関銃を掃射している。ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチはキール大統領とマチャル元副大統領の双方が戦争犯罪を行い、人道に対する罪が問われると述べている。

アフリカ連合(AU)は南スーダンで行われている戦争犯罪に関する初の調査委員会を開催したが、人権活動家らはAUが情報を開示しないことを批判している。

■ 190万人が難民化している

国連によると、絶え間ない暴力により、200万人近くが自分の住む地域から逃げているという。彼らは国中の学校、キャンプ、国連基地に非難している、そして45万人以上が国外に避難している。

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ボル、南スーダン、2014年10月14日

■ 10万人が国連の保護のもとで生活している。

戦闘が始まった当初、南スーダン人の多くが国連平和部隊の基地に避難した。現在、約10万人が基地内の移動キャンプで国連の保護のもと生活している。

国連は紛争調停で大きな役割を果たしている。間違いなく国連発足以来、最大規模の介入は南スーダン政府との緊張を高め、国連職員への暴力と発展した。国連は南スーダン国内に国連の保護領を設置するという噂を打ち消さなくてはならなかった。

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南スーダン国内にいる難民の生活環境は過酷で、多くの人が喫煙して時間をつぶしている。ボル、南スーダン、2014年10月14日。

■ 2015年、250万人が飢饉に襲われる可能性がある

この紛争で国内の食料生産は停滞している。貧困根絶の国際協力団体「オックスファム」は、食料危機が目前に迫っていると警告する。推計によると、国民の3分の1が食料支援を必要としている。南スーダンで活動する人道団体の報告によると、2015年に栄養失調や飢饉が大幅に拡大する可能性があるという。「多くのコミュニティでは、自分たちの財産を売って、野生の果物や植物を食べ、家畜をつぶしてやっと2014年を生き抜いている。2015年にはさらに困難な事態となる」と、オックスファムは報告書で述べている。

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遊牧の牛飼いが頻繁に大きな人口集中地の周りにキャンプを設営する。Mingkaman、南スーダン、201410月16日

■35名の救援活動従事者が殺害される

人道援助団体は大規模な飢饉を避ける努力を続けている。国連平和維持活動に携わるエドモンド・ムール氏は夏に「南スーダンでの人道援助活動は、一つの国としては、史上最大の規模となっている」と述べている。

しかし人道援助団体はどうしようもない現実の壁に直面している。国内の多くの支援が必要な場所にたどり着くことすら困難だからだ。救済団体は政府が活動の妨害を行っていると非難している。また、援助団体の財源は底をつきかけている。そして南スーダンは救援活動従事者にとって、シリア、アフガニスタンと並び、危険な国のワースト3に入る。

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救援の手は、雨期の間の大規模な洪水、紛争と予想できない国土に阻まれ、援助を必要とする人になかなかたどり着けない。ほとんどの救援物資はヘリコプターから落とされる。油や生命を脅かすほどの栄養失調に苦しむ子供のためのサプリメントなど、壊れやすい援助物資はヘリコプターで運ばれている。ミングカマン、南スーダン、2014年10月17日。

■約1万2000人の子供が、武装集団によって労働させられている。

紛争は子供たちに大きな負担をもたらしている。国連児童基金(UNICEF)は75万人の子供たちが国内で家を失い、32万人が避難民として生活しているという。そして約1万2000人の子供が武装集団によって労働させられていると報告している。

救援団体「ワールド・ビジョン」がまとめた南スーダンの難民の子供たちに報告書の執筆者、ジェシカ・ブーケット氏はハフポストUS版の取材に対して語った、「子供たちはさらなる暴力に怯えながら暮らしている。彼らは故郷から離れた2回目のクリスマスを迎えた。2015年はどこに行くのかわからないという悲しみが漂っている」。

国連難民機関の南スーダン活動募金は、国連難民高等弁務官事務所(UNHCR)ワールド・ビジョンのウェブサイトまで。

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南スーダンのボル難民キャンプ。ある少女が新しい避難テントに家財道具を移動する家族を手伝っている。2014年10月14日(Alissa Everett/Humanity United)

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South Sudanese children are seen ahead of their trip back to the South, in Khartoum on December 14, 2013. The group leaving for South Sudan\'s Northern Bahr El Ghazal state are among almost 20,000 who the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) says have been \'stranded\' in Khartoum for more than two years. AFP PHOTO / ASHRAF SHAZLY (Photo credit should read ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ASHRAF SHAZLY via Getty Images)
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A South Sudanese child waits in a bus stop ahead of his trip back to the South, in Khartoum on December 14, 2013. The group leaving for South Sudan\'s Northern Bahr El Ghazal state are among almost 20,000 who the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) says have been \'stranded\' in Khartoum for more than two years. AFP PHOTO / ASHRAF SHAZLY (Photo credit should read ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ASHRAF SHAZLY via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese pack their belongings on a bus ahead of their trip back to the South, in Khartoum on December 14, 2013. The group leaving for South Sudan\'s Northern Bahr El Ghazal state are among almost 20,000 who the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) says have been \'stranded\' in Khartoum for more than two years. AFP PHOTO / ASHRAF SHAZLY (Photo credit should read ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ASHRAF SHAZLY via Getty Images)
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A girl displaced following recent fightings in the capital prepare a lunch inside the UNMISS compound, on December 17, 2013 on the outskirts of Juba. At least 66 soldiers have been killed in battles raging for the past two days in the South Sudanese capital, a military hospital doctor said on December 17, 2013. \'So far we have lost seven soldiers who died while they were waiting for medical attention and a further 59 who were killed outside,\' doctor Ajak Bullen said on Miraya FM radio, adding the men would be given a mass burial. AFP PHOTO (Photo credit should read STR/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:STR via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - DECEMBER 17: South Sudanese civilians fleeing an outbreak of intense fighting between groups of government forces take shelter at the United Nations Mission to South Sudan base on December 17, 2013 in Juba, South Sudan. (Photo by Benjamin Lowy/Getty Images) (credit:Benjamin Lowy via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - DECEMBER 17: South Sudanese civilians fleeing an outbreak of intense fighting between groups of government forces take shelter at the United Nations Mission to South Sudan base on December 17, 2013 in Juba, South Sudan. (Photo by Benjamin Lowy/Getty Images) (credit:Benjamin Lowy via Getty Images)
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People arrive to seek refuge in the UNMISS compound in Juba, on December 18, 2013. The mission is stepping up provision of basic health facilities.South Sudan\'s fugitive former vice president denied on December 18 accusations he led a coup bid against his archrival President Salva Kiir after days of fierce fighting that has killed hundreds of people and sent thousands fleeing to UN bases. AFP PHOTO / STRINGER (Photo credit should read STR/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:STR via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - DECEMBER 18: Following the coup attempt in South Sudan, crowds taking refuge at UN campus near the Juba airport on December 18, 2013. (Photo by UNMISS-Pool/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - DECEMBER 18: Following the coup attempt in South Sudan, crowds taking refuge at UN campus near the Juba airport on December 18, 2013. (Photo by UNMISS-Pool/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Residents of Juba with their belongings pile onto a truck heading out of the city on December 21, 2013 where tension remains high fueling an exodus of both local and foreign residents from the south Sudanese capital. Brutal fighting in South Sudan has reopened deep-rooted ethnic divisions, forcing tens of thousands of terrified residents to seek shelter at UN bases or flee in fear of attacks. United Nations peacekeepers are currently sheltering over 35,000 civilians in various bases across the country, many belonging to the minority ethnic group in their respective areas. AFP PHOTO / TONY KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese sit in makeshift shelters at the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) compund in Juba on December 21, 2013 where tension remains high fueling an exodus of both local and foreign residents from the south Sudanese capital. Brutal fighting in South Sudan has reopened deep-rooted ethnic divisions, forcing tens of thousands of terrified residents to seek shelter at UN bases or flee in fear of attacks. United Nations peacekeepers are currently sheltering over 35,000 civilians in various bases across the country, many belonging to the minority ethnic group in their respective areas. AFP PHOTO / TONY KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese women queue for water being distributed from a UN resevoir at the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) compound in Juba on December 21, 2013 where tension remains high fueling an exodus of both local and foreign residents from the south Sudanese capital. Brutal fighting in South Sudan has reopened deep-rooted ethnic divisions, forcing tens of thousands of terrified residents to seek shelter at UN bases or flee in fear of attacks. United Nations peacekeepers are currently sheltering over 35,000 civilians in various bases across the country, many belonging to the minority ethnic group in their respective areas. AFP PHOTO / TONY KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese women jostle to get at the head of a queue for water being distributed from a UN resevoir at the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) compound where tension remains high fueling an exodus of both local and foreign residents from the south Sudanese capital. Brutal fighting in South Sudan has reopened deep-rooted ethnic divisions, forcing tens of thousands of terrified residents to seek shelter at UN bases or flee in fear of attacks. United Nations peacekeepers are currently sheltering over 35,000 civilians in various bases across the country, many belonging to the minority ethnic group in their respective areas. AFP PHOTO / TONY KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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A picture taken on December 25, 2013 shows the aftermath of massive looting conducted by rebels at a market, including shops burnt to ashes, in Bor, some 200 kilometres (125 miles) north of the capital Juba. South Sudan\'s army stormed the rebel-held town of Bor on December 24, sending insurgents fleeing nearly a week after they captured the state capital of South Sudan\'s power-key eastern state of Jonglei. AFP PHOTO / WAAKHE SIMON WUDU (Photo credit should read WAAKHE SIMON WUDU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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This picture taken on December 25, 2013 shows South Sudanese troops loyal to President Salva Kiir pictured at Bor airport after they re-captured it from rebel forces. South Sudan\'s army battled rebel forces in the key town of Malakal Wednesday, a minister said, as other troops flushed out remaining insurgent pockets a day after recapturing a strategic town. \'We recaptured Bor on Tuesday evening, just before sunset, and this morning there are currently operations against some pockets of rebels within the airport area,\' Information Minister Michael Makwei told. AFP PHOTO/Samir BOR (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOR/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A South Sudanese woman with a child sits on December 25, 2013 at the main hospital in Bor which troops loyal to President Salva Kiir re-captured from rebel forces. South Sudan\'s army battled rebel forces in the key town of Malakal on December 25, a minister said, as other troops flushed out remaining insurgent pockets a day after recapturing a strategic town. \'We recaptured Bor on Tuesday evening, just before sunset, and this morning there are currently operations against some pockets of rebels within the airport area,\' Information Minister Michael Makwei told. AFP PHOTO / SAMIR BOL (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - DECEMBER 26: South Sudan President Salva Kiir Mayardit (C) welcomes Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn (L) and Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta (R) prior to a meeting on December 26, 2013 in Juba, South Sudan. Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta and Ethiopian Prime Minister Hailemariam Desalegn both met early Thursday with South Sudanese President Salva Kiir to discuss the ongoing crisis in the latter\'s country. (Photo by Atem Simon/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Bodies appearing to be those of rebel-soldiers allied to deposed vice-President lie on a street besides a wrecked military vehicle on December 28, 2013 in the town of Bor, days after it was recaptured by forces loyal to the government of Salva Kiir. International pressure bore down today on the two sides in South Sudan\'s bloody violence to open peace talks to keep the young nation from sliding into civil war. East African and Horn of Africa peace brokers gave President Salva Kiir and de facto rebel leader Riek Machar, whom Kiir sacked as vice president in July, until December 31 to start face-to-face talks and stop two weeks of fighting that is thought to have left thousands dead. AFP PHOTO / SAMIR BOL (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Wounded civilians rest after receiving treatment at the Malakal Hospital in the Upper Nile State of South Sudan on December 31, 2013 following heavy fighting in the the past few days. South Sudan\'s warring parties are set to begin peace talks in Addis Ababa aimed at bringing an end to a nearly three-week-old civil war that has already left thousands dead. AFP PHOTO/SAMIR BOL (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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BOR, JONGLEI STATE, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 3: A girl sleeps at the camp controlled by the United Nations on January 3, 2014 in the town of Awerial, South Sudan. Thousands of people are feared to have been killed in the fighting during clashes between South Sudan\'s government troops and forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar in the rebels-held Bor, the capital city of oil-rich Jonglei State, South Sudan. Displaced victims of the clashes try to survive in bad conditions at the camps. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, JONGLEI STATE, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 3: Thousands of people are feared to have been killed in the fighting during clashes between South Sudan\'s government troops and forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar on January 3, 2014 in the rebels-held Bor, the capital city of oil-rich Jonglei State, South Sudan. Displaced victims of the clashes try to survive in bad conditions at the camps controlled by the United Nations in the town of Awerial, South Sudan. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, JONGLEI STATE, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 3: A child carries a plastic can at the camp controlled by the United Nations on January 3, 2014 in the town of Awerial, South Sudan. Thousands of people are feared to have been killed in the fighting during clashes between South Sudan\'s government troops and forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar in the rebels-held Bor, the capital city of oil-rich Jonglei State, South Sudan. Displaced victims of the clashes try to survive in bad conditions at the camps. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, JONGLEI STATE, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 3: Children pose at the camp controlled by the United Nations on January 3, 2014 in the town of Awerial, South Sudan. Thousands of people are feared to have been killed in the fighting during clashes between South Sudan\'s government troops and forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar in the rebels-held Bor, the capital city of oil-rich Jonglei State, South Sudan. Displaced victims of the clashes try to survive in bad conditions at the camps. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, JONGLEI STATE, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 3: A woman carries a plastic can at the camp controlled by the United Nations on January 3, 2014 in the town of Awerial, South Sudan. Thousands of people are feared to have been killed in the fighting during clashes between South Sudan\'s government troops and forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar in the rebels-held Bor, the capital city of oil-rich Jonglei State, South Sudan. Displaced victims of the clashes try to survive in bad conditions at the camps. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, JONGLEI STATE, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 3: A woman and her child pose at the camp controlled by the United Nations on January 3, 2014 in the town of Awerial, South Sudan. Thousands of people are feared to have been killed in the fighting during clashes between South Sudan\'s government troops and forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar in the rebels-held Bor, the capital city of oil-rich Jonglei State, South Sudan. Displaced victims of the clashes try to survive in bad conditions at the camps. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese citizens from the Jonglei State are pictured on a truck in Juba on January 4, 2014 as they try to leave for Uganda. Warring parties in South Sudan delayed direct peace talks today dashing hopes of a swift ceasefire to end raging fighting and the risk of a slide into all-out civil war. While top leaders of the government and rebel teams have briefly met directly, the rivals continued to hold separate talks with negotiators. AFP PHOTO / SAMIR BOL (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A South Sudanese child stands next to a tent crowded with IDP\'s at an encampment within the United Nations Mission in South Sudan, UNMISS compound on January 4, 2014 in the capital Juba. Warring parties in South Sudan delayed direct peace talks on Saturday dashing hopes of a swift ceasefire to end raging fighting and the risk of a slide into all-out civil war. While top leaders of the government and rebel teams have briefly met directly, the rivals continued Saturday to hold separate talks with negotiators. AFP PHOTO/Charles LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES ATIKI LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 5: Due to the conflict betwen government\'s forces and opponents thousands people waiting to be placed in two UN camps inside Juba, South Sudan on January 5, 2014. UN authorities are trying to make more space in the camps to accept new refugees. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 5: Due to the conflict betwen government\'s forces and opponents thousands people waiting to be placed in two UN camps inside Juba, South Sudan on January 5, 2014. UN authorities are trying to make more space in the camps to accept new refugees. (Photo by Mehmet Kemal Firik/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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This picture taken on January 7, 2014 shows a part of an internally displaced persons\' camp on the compounds of the United Nations base in Juba. Thousands of people are fleeing the conflict in South Sudan each day, the United Nations said on January 7, as it reported seeing whole villages looted and burned. Deputy UN spokesman Farhan Haq said the capital Juba, where nearly 30,000 people are in two compounds, remains \'tense\' and UN peacekeepers are carrying out day and night patrols in the city. AFP PHOTO / Nichole Sobecki (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A boy stands next to people washing their clothes in a stream at an internally displaced persons\' camp run by the United Nations in Juba on January 7, 2014. Thousands of people are fleeing the conflict in South Sudan each day, the United Nations said, as it reported seeing whole villages looted and burned. Deputy UN spokesman Farhan Haq said the capital Juba, where nearly 30,000 people are in two compounds, remains \'tense\' and UN peacekeepers are carrying out day and night patrols in the city. AFP PHOTO/NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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People go about their daily life in Minkammen, 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Bor, on January 8, 2014. An AFP reporter reached the town and said the area was flooded with fleeing civilians and that the rumble of heavy artillery fire could be heard in the distance. Some 80,000 displaced people from South Sudan\'s volatile Bor region have fled to safety in sprawling, dusty camps in Awerial region across the Nile River. The unrest began on December 15 as a clash between army units loyal to South Sudan\'s President Salva Kiir and those loyal to ex-vice president Riek Machar, AFP PHOTO NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Women and children crowd around a water point, in Minkammen, 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Bor, on January 8, 2014 due to lack of water available for the thousands who have fled to Awerial region, leaving many to collect water from the Nile River. Many fled Bor region by boat, arriving in one of Awerial\'s small ports. An AFP reporter reached Minkammen and said the area was flooded with fleeing civilians and that the rumble of heavy artillery fire could be heard in the distance. The unrest began on December 15 as a clash between army units loyal to South Sudan\'s President Salva Kiir and those loyal to ex-vice president Riek Machar, AFP PHOTO NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A girl sleeps as people go about their daily life in Minkammen, 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Bor, on January 8, 2014. An AFP reporter reached the town and said the area was flooded with fleeing civilians and that the rumble of heavy artillery fire could be heard in the distance. Some 80,000 displaced people from South Sudan\'s volatile Bor region have fled to safety in sprawling, dusty camps in Awerial region across the Nile River. The unrest began on December 15 as a clash between army units loyal to South Sudan\'s President Salva Kiir and those loyal to ex-vice president Riek Machar, AFP PHOTO NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Three children walk through a spontaneous camp for internally displaced persons at the United Nations Mission to South Sudan (UNMISS) base in Juba, on January 9, 2014. Over 17,000 people are living at the base, with new arrivals every day, due to ongoing conflict in the world\'s youngest nation. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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A member of Doctors Without Borders (MSF) administers polio vacines to children in Minkammen, 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Bor, on January 10, 2014. Some 80,000 displaced people from South Sudan\'s volatile Bor region have fled to safety in sprawling, dusty camps in Awerial region across the Nile River. The UN refugee agency warned on January 10 that fighting in South Sudan could drive more than half a million people from their homes, doubling the number of those affected by April. AFP PHOTO / NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A malnourished infant receives medical care in a clinic run by Doctors Without Borders (MSF) in Minkammen, 25 kilometres (16 miles) south of Bor, on January 10, 2014. Some 80,000 displaced people from South Sudan\'s volatile Bor region have fled to safety in sprawling, dusty camps in Awerial region across the Nile River. The UN refugee agency warned on January 10 that fighting in South Sudan could drive more than half a million people from their homes, doubling the number of those affected by April. AFP PHOTO / NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A lady sits under a mosquito net near the White Nile at a site used by internally displaced persons in Minkamen in Awerial county, South Sudan on January 11, 2014. According to the latest figures from the United Nations, some 75,000 people have settled in Minkamen following clashes in nearby Bor, 40km away, between the South Sudanese army and rebels led by Riek Machar. Shelling could be heard today. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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A lady prepares doughnuts in the village of Minkamen in Awerial county, South Sudan on January 11, 2014. According to the latest figures from the United Nations, some 75,000 people have settled in Minkamen following clashes in nearby Bor, 40km away, between the South Sudanese army and rebels led by Riek Machar. Shelling could be heard today. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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A soldier from the South Sudan Liberation Army (SPLA) reacts as a doctor treats a bullet wound at a health centre in the village of Minkamen in Awerial county, South Sudan on January 11, 2014. According to the latest figures from the United Nations, some 75,000 people have settled in Minkamen following clashes in nearby Bor, 40km away, between the South Sudanese army and rebels led by Riek Machar. Shelling could be heard today. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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David Loe, A South Sudanese man, looks at what has remained of his house after it was torched by rebels on January 12, 2014 in Bentiu. More than three weeks of fighting between government forces and rebels loyal to former vice president Riek Machar have killed more than 1,000 people and driven 230,000 from their homes and forced a cut in oil production.AFP PHOTO/SIMON MAINA (Photo credit should read SIMON MAINA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SIMON MAINA via Getty Images)
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David Loe, A South Sudanese man, stands next to what has remained of his house after it was torched by rebels on January 12, 2014 in Bentiu. More than three weeks of fighting between government forces and rebels loyal to former vice president Riek Machar have killed more than 1,000 people and driven 230,000 from their homes and forced a cut in oil production.AFP PHOTO/SIMON MAINA (Photo credit should read SIMON MAINA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SIMON MAINA via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) national army soldiers dance and celebrate after capturing the town of Bentiu, on January 12, 2014. Mediators pushed hard for a ceasefire in South Sudan as fighting raged today for the last rebel-held town and the full extent of the destruction wrought began to emerge. With up to 10,000 dead and nearly half a million displaced, the full scale of the destruction inflicted on the world\'s youngest nation is just starting to become clear. AFP PHOTO / SIMON MAINA (Photo credit should read SIMON MAINA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SIMON MAINA via Getty Images)
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A Sudanese man carries a bed past South Sudan People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) national army soldiers patroling the town of Bentiu, on January 12, 2014. Mediators pushed hard for a ceasefire in South Sudan as fighting raged today for the last rebel-held town and the full extent of the destruction wrought began to emerge. With up to 10,000 dead and nearly half a million displaced, the full scale of the destruction inflicted on the world\'s youngest nation is just starting to become clear. AFP PHOTO / SIMON MAINA (Photo credit should read SIMON MAINA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SIMON MAINA via Getty Images)
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BENTIU, SOUTH SUDAN - JANUARY 12: South Sudan\'s army call for people who left their homes because of the conflicts in the capital Bentiu of Unity State, in northern South Sudan, having oil reserves, to come back homes on January 12, 2014. (Photo by Stringer/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Displaced South Sudanese boys play at dawn in the grounds of St. Theresa\'s cathedral in Juba, on January 13, 2014 where he and over 100 others have sought refuge following an outbreak of fighting in mid-December between government forces and rebels allied to deposed vice-president Riek Machar. About 32,000 refugees have fled to Uganda and a total of around 10,000 others have gone to Ethiopia and Kenya, while more than 350,000 are internally displaced within South Sudan, the United Nations says. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese students look on from behind a volley-ball net after they took an English exam at a United Nations base in Juba on January 13, 2014. The Primary Leavers\' Examinations were supposed to take place in mid-December 2013 - when the rest of South Sudanese students took theirs - but fighting in Juba which erupted on December 15 when clashes broke out between army units loyal to President Salva Kiir and a loose coalition of army defectors and ethnic militia nominally headed by Riek Machar - disrupted the education system. Students displaced in the United Nations Mission in South Sudan base took the exam on January 13 in a dance club in the base. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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Men who claim to have deserted the Sudan People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) sit outside a police station in Mvolo, 75 miles from Rumbek in the Western Equatoria State, on January 14, 2014. Thirteen deserters from the Sudan People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) are being held in Mvolo by district authorities. One month of fighting in South Sudan, which only gained independence from Khartoum in 2011, has displaced some 400,000 people, according to the UN. The world body put the death toll at well in excess of 1,000, although the independent think-tank International Crisis Group says reports from the field indicate the death toll would be closer to 10,000. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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A girl sits on crates of bottled water in the Konyo Konyo market neighbourhood of Juba, on January 15, 2014. Thousands of Juba\'s residents have left the city following clashes that broke out in December 2013 as the United Nations reported heavy fighting Tuesday for the South Sudan town of Malakal and dozens of people who sought refuge in the UN camp had been wounded. AFP PHOTO/PHIL MOORE (Photo credit should read PHIL MOORE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PHIL MOORE via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese refugees wait at a Sudanese border checkpoint in Joda, where Sudan\'s White Nile state meets the South\'s Upper Nile, after fleeing battles between rebel and government forces on January 16, 2014. Those waiting on the border are among an estimated 10,000 who have fled north to Sudan as part of an exodus, which the UN\'s refugee agency UNHCR says has seen almost 80,000 people escape battles between rebel and government forces in South Sudan over the past month. AFP PHOTO / ASHRAF SHAZLY (Photo credit should read ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ASHRAF SHAZLY via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese refugees sit as they arrive at a Sudanese border checkpoint in Joda, where Sudan\'s White Nile state meets the South\'s Upper Nile, after fleeing battles between rebel and government forces on January 17, 2014. Those waiting on the border are among an estimated 10,000 who have fled north to Sudan as part of an exodus, which the UN\'s refugee agency UNHCR says has seen almost 80,000 people escape battles between rebel and government forces in South Sudan over the past month. AFP PHOTO / ASHRAF SHAZLY (Photo credit should read ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ASHRAF SHAZLY via Getty Images)
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A picture taken on January 19, 2014 shows South Sudanese army and police uniforms at the entrance of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) camp in Bor, the state capital of South Sudan\'s power-key eastern state of Jonglei, housing thousands of Internally Displaced People (IDPs). Government and Sudan People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) officials claim they are uniforms of rebels now being camp together with the IDPs, and that they have guns. South Sudanese government forces backed by Ugandan troops on January 18 recaptured the strategic town of Bor, defeating an army of thousands of rebels, officials said. As East African mediators attempt to push South Sudan\'s government and rebels into signing a truce, analysts and diplomats fear it may already be too late to halt the war. AFP PHOTO / WAAKHE SIMON WUDU\n\n (Photo credit should read WAAKHE SIMON WUDU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A picture taken on January 19, 2014 shows the market torched to ground by rebels according to SPLA troops in Bor, the state capital of South Sudan\'s power-key eastern state of Jonglei, housing thousands of Internally Displaced People (IDPs). South Sudanese government forces backed by Ugandan troops on January 18 recaptured the strategic town of Bor, defeating an army of thousands of rebels, officials said. As East African mediators attempt to push South Sudan\'s government and rebels into signing a truce, analysts and diplomats fear it may already be too late to halt the war. AFP PHOTO / WAAKHE SIMON WUDU (Photo credit should read WAAKHE SIMON WUDU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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South Sudan President Salva Kiir Mayardit speaks during a press conference on January 20, 2014 in Juba where he reiterated his readiness for cessation of hostilities. Sudan\'s President Omar al-Bashir joins regional leaders for a meeting in Juba today on the fighting in South Sudan as ceasefire talks in Ethiopia remain deadlocked. AFP PHOTO /Charles LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES ATIKI LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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TO GO WITH AFP STORY BY EMMANUEL LERROUX-NEGA\nSouth Sudanese refugees rest on the compound of Dzaipi Health Centre on January 25, 2014. In the steaming heat of Uganda, just south of the border with South Sudan, long lines of tents crowd the Dzaipi refugee camp where tens of thousands have fled fighting in their war-torn nation. Dzaipi was designed for 400 people, but at one point the flood of South Sudanese refugees swelled to some 35,000 as Uganda bears the brunt of the massive exodus from the world\'s youngest nation. AFP PHOTO/ ISAAC KASAMANI (Photo credit should read ISAAC KASAMANI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese refugees cook on an open fire at a camp run by the Sudanese Red Crescent on January 27, 2014 in the western part of Sudan\'s White Nile state, about 30 kilometres from South Sudan, after fleeing battles between rebel and government forces. Kuwait\'s Red Crescent, the United Nations, and Sudan\'s aid commission have provided the camp with assistance including shelter and food, a representative of the Red Crescent said, putting the camp population at about 8,000. AFP PHOTO /ASHRAF SHAZLY (Photo credit should read ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ASHRAF SHAZLY via Getty Images)
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A South Sudanese refugee bearing tribal scarification markings is seen at a camp run by the Sudanese Red Crescent on January 27, 2014 in the western part of Sudan\'s White Nile state, about 30 kilometres from South Sudan, after fleeing battles between rebel and government forces. Kuwait\'s Red Crescent, the United Nations, and Sudan\'s aid commission have provided the camp with assistance including shelter and food, a representative of the Red Crescent said, putting the camp population at about 8,000. AFP PHOTO /ASHRAF SHAZLY (Photo credit should read ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ASHRAF SHAZLY via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese children from the Dinka ethnic group pose at cattle camp in the town of Yirol, in central South Sudan on February 12, 2014. UN leader Ban Ki-moon condemned on February 12 what he said was the use of cluster bombs in the war in South Sudan, a day after the opening of peace talks between South Sudan\'s government and rebels. Troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and renegade soldiers who support his former vice president Riek Machar have been battling since mid-December. AFP PHOTO / FABIO BUCCIARELLI (Photo credit should read FABIO BUCCIARELLI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A young South Sudanese boy from the Dinka ethnic group looks on at a cattle camp in the town of Yirol, in central South Sudan on February 12, 2014. UN leader Ban Ki-moon condemned on February 12 what he said was the use of cluster bombs in the war in South Sudan, a day after the opening of peace talks between South Sudan\'s government and rebels. Troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and renegade soldiers who support his former vice president Riek Machar have been battling since mid-December. AFP PHOTO / FABIO BUCCIARELLI (Photo credit should read FABIO BUCCIARELLI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese people from the Dinka ethnic group wash in a river near the town of Yirol, in central South Sudan on February 12, 2014. UN leader Ban Ki-moon condemned on February 12 what he said was the use of cluster bombs in the war in South Sudan, a day after the opening of peace talks between South Sudan\'s government and rebels. Troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and renegade soldiers who support his former vice president Riek Machar have been battling since mid-December. AFP PHOTO / FABIO BUCCIARELLI (Photo credit should read FABIO BUCCIARELLI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A picture taken on February 13, 2014 shows a sudanese man standing next to injured and dead cows following a reported aerial bombing by government forces on Tabanya, in Buram County, in southern Kordofan, where Sudan People\'s Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) rebels have been fighting since 2011. The Sudanese goverment and South Kordofan rebels met for their first peace talks in almost a year, after a landmine reportedly killed five people in a war that has affected more than one million. AFP PHOTO / NUBA REPORTS / AHMED KHATIR (Photo credit should read AHMED KHATIR/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A picture taken on February 13, 2014 shows dead cows lying in a field following a reported aerial bombing by government forces on Tabanya, in Buram County, in southern Kordofan, where Sudan People\'s Liberation Movement-North (SPLM-N) rebels have been fighting since 2011. The Sudanese goverment and South Kordofan rebels met for their first peace talks in almost a year, after a landmine reportedly killed five people in a war that has affected more than one million. AFP PHOTO / NUBA REPORTS / AHMED KHATIR (Photo credit should read AHMED KHATIR/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A boy from the Dinka tribe stands among the herd of the communally owned heads of cattle on February 20, 2014 at a camp in Cueibet, Lakes state, South Sudan. Independent for nearly three years as of mid-last December when South Sudan\'s fell into wide-spread, deadly ethnic violence the shortlived peace is seen to be sacrificed at the altar of a corrupt albeit fledgling government. Independent for nearly three years as of mid-last December when South Sudan fell into wide-spread, deadly ethnic violence the shortlived peace is seen to be sacrificed at the altar of a corrupt albeit fledgling government. Influenced principally by the two largest ethnic groups, Dinka and Nuer respectively, also traditionally fierce rivals -- government efforts to contain simmering intercommunal resentment, led to rifts within the ruling SPLM, according to US special envoy to Sudan and South Sudan, Donald Booth. AFP PHOTO/Tony KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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This picture taken on February 20, 2014 shows hundreds of Uganda\'s Peolple Defence Forces (UPDF) battle-hardened and heavily-armed Special Forces commandos trained from Israel and Russia as they participate in the drills near the South Sudan border. Uganda President Yoweri Musveni Museveni used an armoured vehicle to scrutinize the commandos preparedness, tactics and motivation\' as they prepare for combat against rebels loyal to sacked South Sudan President, Riek Machar. AFP PHOTO/PETER BUSOMOKE (Photo credit should read PETER BUSOMOKE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PETER BUSOMOKE via Getty Images)
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This picture taken on February 20, 2014 shows hundreds of Uganda\'s Peolple Defence Forces (UPDF) battle-hardened and heavily-armed Special Forces commandos trained from Israel and Russia as they participate in the drills near the South Sudan border. Uganda President Yoweri Musveni Museveni used an armoured vehicle to scrutinize the commandos preparedness, tactics and motivation\' as they prepare for combat against rebels loyal to sacked South Sudan President, Riek Machar. AFP PHOTO/PETER BUSOMOKE (Photo credit should read PETER BUSOMOKE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:PETER BUSOMOKE via Getty Images)
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TO GO WITH AFP STORY BY HANNAH MCNEISH\nA young boy from the Nuer tribe in South Sudan sleeps on February 21, 2014 in the dirt among his family\'s belongings as his sibling looks out from a makeshift compound demarcated using palm fronds that also serves as their shelter on one of the islands in the Sudd swamplands in Unity state, central South Sudan. Thousands of Nuer tribes people are believed to have fled into the swamplands around Nyal district after around 1,200 soldiers and a small army of young men swarmed, on February 7, Panyijiar county to carry out a killing, looting and razing spree that left 60 dead and 26 wounded. In Panyjiar, an overwhelmingly Nuer area bordered by a Dinka majority, the only place to hide is the swamp, after a power struggle between leaders in the new nation\'s capital Juba in mid-December revived old ethnic tensions between South Sudan\'s largest Dinka tribe and secondary Nuer tribe. AFP PHOTO/Tony KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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Youngsters from the Nuer tribe in South Sudan wade in the water on February 21, 2014 to catch fish off one of the islands in the Sudd swamplands in Unity state, central South Sudan. Thousands of Nuer tribes people are believed to have fled into the swamplands around Nyal district after around 1,200 soldiers and a small army of young men swarmed, on February 7, Panyijiar county to carry out a killing, looting and razing spree that left 60 dead and 26 wounded. In Panyjiar, an overwhelmingly Nuer area bordered by a Dinka majority, the only place to hide is the swamp, after a power struggle between leaders in the new nation\'s capital Juba in mid-December revived old ethnic tensions between South Sudan\'s largest Dinka tribe and secondary Nuer tribe. AFP PHOTO/Tony KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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Children from the Nuer tribe in South Sudan play in the water on February 21, 2014 just off one of the islands in the Sudd swamplands in Unity state, central South Sudan where they have fled to with the families for safety. Thousands of Nuer tribes people are believed to have fled into the swamplands around Nyal district after around 1,200 soldiers and a small army of young men swarmed, on February 7, Panyijiar county to carry out a killing, looting and razing spree that left 60 dead and 26 wounded. In Panyjiar, an overwhelmingly Nuer area bordered by a Dinka majority, the only place to hide is the swamp, after a power struggle between leaders in the new nation\'s capital Juba in mid-December revived old ethnic tensions between South Sudan\'s largest Dinka tribe and secondary Nuer tribe. AFP PHOTO/Tony KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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A photo taken on February 21, 2014 shows a compound with its residents who survived an attack that left tens of tukuls (huts) burnt at a village in Panyijiar county, Unity state, South Sudan. Thousands of Nuer tribes people are believed to have fled into the swamplands around Nyal district in Panyijiar after around 1,200 soldiers and a small army of young men swarmed, on February 7 to carry out a killing, looting and razing spree that left 60 dead and 26 wounded. In Panyjiar, an overwhelmingly Nuer area bordered by a Dinka majority, the only place to hide is the swamp, after a power struggle between leaders in the new nation\'s capital Juba in mid-December revived old ethnic tensions between South Sudan\'s largest Dinka tribe and secondary Nuer tribe. AFP PHOTO/Tony KARUMBA (Photo credit should read TONY KARUMBA/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:TONY KARUMBA via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 22: 27,000 people take shelter at the United Nations Missions in Sudan (UNMIS) refugee camp due to the conflict between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, former vice President of South Sudan, in Juba, South Sudan. It\'s estimated that thousands of people died and more than 800,000 are displaced. (Photo by Muhammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 22: 27,000 people take shelter at the United Nations Missions in Sudan (UNMIS) refugee camp due to the conflict between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, former vice President of South Sudan, in Juba, South Sudan. It\'s estimated that thousands of people died and more than 800,000 are displaced. (Photo by Muhammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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A Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) worker holds a South Sudanese baby while two little girls wait for treatment at the MSF hospital in Juba, on February 22, 2014. The World Health Organisation has launched on February 22, 2014 a vast vaccination campaign against cholera in the South Sudanese refugee camps, as an estimated 900 000 people have been displaced by the ongoing clashes in the country. AFP PHOTO/ CHARLES LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A South-Sudanese girl waits for treatment at the Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) hospital in Juba, on February 22, 2014. The World Health Organisation has launched on February 22, 2014 a vast vaccination campaign against cholera in the South Sudanese refugee camps, as an estimated 900 000 people have been displaced by the ongoing clashes in the country. AFP PHOTO/ CHARLES LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Young men load water from the river Nile into containers on February 26, 2014 in Bor, South Sudan. War crimes have been committed by all sides in conflict-wracked South Sudan, Human Rights Watch said on February 27 reporting widespread atrocities in weeks of carnage in the world\'s youngest nation. Thousands have been killed and almost 900,000 forced from their homes by over two months of battles between rebel and government forces, backed by troops from neighbouring Uganda. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 27: Hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar. People try to go to Minkammen from Bor with boats on February 27, 2014 in Bor, South Sudan. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 27: Hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar. People try to go to Minkammen from Bor with boats on February 27, 2014 in Bor, South Sudan. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 27: Hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar. People try to go to Minkammen from Bor with boats on February 27, 2014 in Bor, South Sudan. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 28: South Sudan\'s Bor town turns to be a ghost city as a result hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, on February 28, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 28: South Sudan\'s Bor town turns to be a ghost city as a result hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, on February 28, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 28: South Sudan\'s Bor town turns to be a ghost city as a result hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, on February 28, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 28: South Sudan\'s Bor town turns to be a ghost city as a result hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, on February 28, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - FEBRUARY 28: John lives with prosthetic leg as he lost his leg during the clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar on February 28, 2014 in Bor, South Sudan. South Sudan\'s Bor town turns to be a ghost city as a result hundreds of people have to leave their homes with enough supplies, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Two girls part of internally displaced South Sudanese people stand in Malakal on March 3, 2014 as. Almost 40,000 people may have been displaced by militia arson and looting in Sudan\'s Darfur region, according to new data obtained by AFP on March 4, 2014. More than 19,000 arrivals have been recorded at two camps for displaced people near the South Darfur state capital, Nyala, the International Organisation for Migration said. (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A man places alms in a basket as internally displaced South Sudanese people (IDPs) from the Dinka ethnic group attend mass in a church in Minkamman, South Sudan on March 2, 2014. Fighting in South Sudan has cut production from the country\'s lifeline oilfields by about 29 percent, the press secretary to President Salva Kiir said in Khartoum on March 2. AFP PHOTO / JM LOPEZ (Photo credit should read JM LOPEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A South Sudanese army soldier stands guard at the entrance of one of the country\'s last working petroleum facilities in the town of Paloch, on March 2, 2014. Fighting in South Sudan has cut production from the country\'s lifeline oilfields by about 29 percent, the press secretary to President Salva Kiir said in Khartoum today. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A mother and her child with body burns wait for medical treatment in the outpatient department of a medical camp run by international humanitarian organisation Doctors without Borders (MSF, Medicins Sans Frontieres), where about 50 000 people have been vaccinated against cholera, in Minkamman, South Sudan, on March 3, 2014. On February 27, Human Rights Watch said war crimes have been committed by all sides in conflict-wracked South Sudan, reporting widespread atrocities in weeks of carnage in the world\'s youngest nation. AFP PHOTO / JM LOPEZ (Photo credit should read JM LOPEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - MARCH 4: Rebel forces loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar patrol in Malakal, capital of South Sudan\'s Upper Nile State, 650 kilometers far away from the capital Juba in South Sudan on March 4, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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A picture shows a destroyed car in Malakal, South Sudan, on March 4, 2014. Almost 40,000 people may have been displaced by militia arson and looting in Sudan\'s Darfur region, according to new data obtained by AFP on March 4, 2014. More than 19,000 arrivals have been recorded at two camps for displaced people near the South Darfur state capital, Nyala, the International Organisation for Migration said. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A South Sudanese woman milks a cow in an Internally Displaced Persons\' camp for Dinka ethnic group refugees in Minkamman, South Sudan, on March 4, 2014. At least five soldiers died when heavy fighting broke out in the main military barracks in war-torn South Sudan\'s capital Juba on March 5, underscoring serious tensions within the national army as it battles a rebel uprising. Fierce gunfire lasting two hours was heard coming from the main barracks near Juba University, home to the presidential guards and other elite troops. AFP PHOTO / JM LOPEZ (Photo credit should read JM LOPEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A South Sudanese girl helps a blind woman in an Internally Displaced Persons\' camp for Dinka ethnic group refugees in Minkamman, South Sudan, on March 4, 2014. At least five soldiers died when heavy fighting broke out in the main military barracks in war-torn South Sudan\'s capital Juba on March 5, underscoring serious tensions within the national army as it battles a rebel uprising. Fierce gunfire lasting two hours was heard coming from the main barracks near Juba University, home to the presidential guards and other elite troops. AFP PHOTO / JM LOPEZ (Photo credit should read JM LOPEZ/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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MALAKAL, SOUTH SUDAN - MARCH 6: Hundreds of people fled to the United Nations Mission camp in Malakal city, due to the ongoing clashes between security forces and opposition groups of Riek Machar, in Malakal, 650 km far away from Juba, South Sudan on March 3, 2014. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese security forces stand next to weapons intercepted from a UN peacekeeping mission in Rumbek on March 8, 2014. South Sudan\'s army has intercepted weapons from a UN peacekeeping mission, a military spokesman said March 7, raising tensions between the government and international agencies as violence continued in the world\'s newest nation. The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) is supposed to carry weapons for its contingent by air, not by the road. AFP PHOTO / CHARLES LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - MARCH 10: A group of people march for the support of South Sudan\'s President Salva Kiir Mayardit in Juba, South Sudan on March 10, 2014. (Photo by Atem Simon/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - MARCH 10: Sudanese shelter in refugee camps as South Sudanese fled to Kalma and Al Salam camps refugee camp due to the clashes live under difficult life conditions in Darfur\'s south Um Gunya and Hajeer area, Sudan, on March 9, 2014. According to African Union-United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID), the number of refugees raised recently almost 20.000 people. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - MARCH 10: Sudanese shelter in refugee camps as South Sudanese fled to Kalma and Al Salam camps refugee camp due to the clashes live under difficult life conditions in Darfur\'s south Um Gunya and Hajeer area, Sudan, on March 9, 2014. According to African Union-United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID), the number of refugees raised recently almost 20.000 people. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - MARCH 10: Sudanese shelter in refugee camps as South Sudanese fled to Kalma and Al Salam camps refugee camp due to the clashes live under difficult life conditions in Darfur\'s south Um Gunya and Hajeer area, Sudan, on March 9, 2014. According to African Union-United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID), the number of refugees raised recently almost 20.000 people. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - MARCH 10: Sudanese children shelter in refugee camps as South Sudanese fled to Kalma and Al Salam camps refugee camp due to the clashes live under difficult life conditions in Darfur\'s south Um Gunya and Hajeer area, Sudan, on March 9, 2014. According to African Union-United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID), the number of refugees raised recently almost 20.000 people. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - MARCH 10: Sudanese children shelter in refugee camps as South Sudanese fled to Kalma and Al Salam camps refugee camp due to the clashes live under difficult life conditions in Darfur\'s south Um Gunya and Hajeer area, Sudan, on March 9, 2014. According to African Union-United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID), the number of refugees raised recently almost 20.000 people. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - MARCH 10: Sudanese children shelter in refugee camps as South Sudanese fled to Kalma and Al Salam camps refugee camp due to the clashes live under difficult life conditions in Darfur\'s south Um Gunya and Hajeer area, Sudan, on March 9, 2014. According to African Union-United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID), the number of refugees raised recently almost 20.000 people. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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SOUTH SUDAN, JUBA - MARCH 11: South Sudanese boys train on the ground for the purpose of improve their abilities in Juba, South Sudan on February 24, 2014. South Sudanese boys dreaming of playing in European teams. Saying they wish to have the chance to represent South Sudanese national team, and the youth teams as well. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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SOUTH SUDAN, JUBA - MARCH 11: South Sudanese boys train on the ground for the purpose of improve their abilities in Juba, South Sudan on February 24, 2014. South Sudanese boys dreaming of playing in European teams. Saying they wish to have the chance to represent South Sudanese national team, and the youth teams as well. (Photo by Mohammed Elshamy/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese men try to construct shelters near burned out debris in Bor following clashes in the recent past, on March 15, 2014. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, when a clash between troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar snowballed into full-scale fighting. Over 930,000 civilians have fled their homes since fighting began, including over quarter of million leaving for neighbouring nations as refugees, according to the United Nations. AFP PHOTO/ SAMIR BOL (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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TO GO WITH AFP STORY BY JENNY VAUGHAN\nA South Sudanese refugee feeds her baby near the Pagak Border Entry point in the Gambella Region, Ethiopia, on March 18, 2014. Conflict in South Sudan, triggering a large refugee influx into Ethiopia began in mid-December when South Sudanese President Salva Kiir accused senior politicians loyal to former Vice President Riek Machar of staging a coup. Peace talks in Addis Ababa, set to resume again after many attempts, have made little progress as the war drags on in the worlds newest nation. It is the worst violence the country has seen since Juba gained independence from long time civil-war foe Sudan in 2011. AFP PHOTO / SOLAN GEMECHU (Photo credit should read SOLAN GEMECHU/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A Sudan People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) soldier waves his AK-47 as soldiers celebrate alongside Internally Displaced People (IDP) outside the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) base in Malakal after the SPLA claimed it had recaptured the town from rebels on March 19, 2014. The northeastern town of Malakal, capital of oil-producing Upper Nile state, has been one of the hardest fought battlegrounds in the conflict, in which thousands have been killed. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, when a clash between troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar snowballed into full-scale fighting across the world\'s newest nation. AFP PHOTO / IVAN LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A Sudan People\'s Liberation Army (SPLA) soldier waves his AK-47 as soldiers celebrate alongside Internally Displaced People (IDP) outside the United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan (UNMISS) base in Malakal after the SPLA claimed it had recaptured the town from rebels on March 19, 2014. The northeastern town of Malakal, capital of oil-producing Upper Nile state, has been one of the hardest fought battlegrounds in the conflict, in which thousands have been killed. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, when a clash between troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar snowballed into full-scale fighting across the world\'s newest nation. AFP PHOTO / IVAN LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Two boys play with a broken bicycle near the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) base in Malakal on March 20, 2014. Malakal is a key city in an oil-prducing region in the country\'s northeast, 497km north of Juba. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, when a clash between troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar snowballed into full-scale fighting. Thousands have died in more than three months fo fighting and over 930,000 civilians have fled their homes, including over a quarter of a million leaving for neighbouring nations as refugees, according to the United Nations. AFP PHOTO / IVAN LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Two boys play with a broken bicycle near the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) base in Malakal on March 20, 2014. Malakal is a key city in an oil-producing region in the country\'s northeast, 497km north of Juba. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, when a clash between troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar snowballed into full-scale fighting. Thousands have died in more than three months fo fighting and over 930,000 civilians have fled their homes, including over a quarter of a million leaving for neighbouring nations as refugees, according to the United Nations. AFP PHOTO / IVAN LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Men and children gather to bathe at a nearby pool of water nearby the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) base in Malakal on March 20, 2014, after the SPLA allegedly took over Malakal town. Malakal is a key city in an oil-prducing region in the country\'s northeast, 497km north of Juba. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, whena clash between troops loyal to President Salva Kiir and those loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar snowballed into full-scale fighting. Thousands have died in more than three months fo fighting and over 930,000 civilians have fled their homes, including over a quarter of a million leaving for neighbouring nations as refugees, according to the United Nations.AFP PHOTO / IVAN LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A woman works in a water bottling company on March 20, 2014, in Juba, South Sudan. Surging populations and economies in the developing world will cause a double crunch in demand for water and energy in the coming decades, the UN said on March 21, 2014 in a report published on the eve of World Water Day. World Water Day is being observed on March 22 since 1993 when the United Nations General Assembly declared 22 March as \'World Day for Water\'. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A young boy drinks bottled water in a restaurant on March 20, 2014, in Juba, the capital of South Sudan. Surging populations and economies in the developing world will cause a double crunch in demand for water and energy in the coming decades, the UN said on March 21, 2014 in a report published on the eve of World Water Day. World Water Day is being observed on March 22 since 1993 when the United Nations General Assembly declared 22 March as \'World Day for Water\'. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Hip hop artists L.U.A.L. (L) and Asif (R) and singer Rocsi jam in a studio in Juba, South Sudan, on March 21, 2014. In a country torn by conflict, there are a few artists who try to convey a message of peace that is meant to cross tribal and ethnic divides. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, and many hip hop artists have had to cancel public shows, refocusing their energies on radio show appearances, rehearsals and recording in studios. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese hip hop artist Madit poses in Juba, South Sudan, on March 22, 2014. In a country torn by conflict, there are a few artists who try to convey a message of peace that is meant to cross tribal and ethnic divides. South Sudan\'s government has been at war with rebel groups since December 15, and many hip hop artists have had to cancel public shows, refocusing their energies on radio show appearances, rehearsals and recording in studios. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI via Getty Images)
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Pupils sit in a classroom during a lesson at the Dr John Garang International school in Juba, on March 25, 2014. Peace talks between South Sudan\'s government and rebels resumed in Ethiopia on Tuesday, mediators said, urging both sides to return to a moribund ceasefire agreement. The talks, mediated by regional bloc IGAD, are aimed at ending the three-month-old conflict which has killed thousands and displaced nearly one million people. AFP PHOTO/Ivan LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Pupils sit in a classroom during a lesson in the Ephatha Primary School in Juba, on March 25, 2014. Peace talks between South Sudan\'s government and rebels resumed in Ethiopia on Tuesday, mediators said, urging both sides to return to a moribund ceasefire agreement. The talks, mediated by regional bloc IGAD, are aimed at ending the three-month-old conflict which has killed thousands and displaced nearly one million people. AFP PHOTO/Ivan LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Pupils are pictured at play time at the Dr John Garang International school in Juba, on March 25, 2014. Peace talks between South Sudan\'s government and rebels resumed in Ethiopia on Tuesday, mediators said, urging both sides to return to a moribund ceasefire agreement. The talks, mediated by regional bloc IGAD, are aimed at ending the three-month-old conflict which has killed thousands and displaced nearly one million people. AFP PHOTO/Ivan LIEMAN (Photo credit should read Ivan Lieman/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - MARCH 27: South Sudan President Salva Kiir is pictured during a meeting with German Development Minister Gerd Mueller (not pictured) on March 27, 2014 in Juba, South Sudan. Mueller is on a two day trip to Southsudan and Mali. (Photo by Thomas Trutschel/Photothek via Getty Images) (credit:Thomas Trutschel via Getty Images)
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Actors perform on stage at Juba University during a theatre representation on the occasion of the World Theatre Day on March 27, 2014, in Juba, South Sudan. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Actors perform on stage at Juba University during a theatre representation on the occasion of the World Theatre Day on March 27, 2014, in Juba, South Sudan. AFP PHOTO / ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI (Photo credit should read ANDREI PUNGOVSCHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - APRIL 2: South Sudanese former President Riek Machar and Riek Machar forces at the military camp in the Ismaila village of Jonguei state, Bor,South Sudan on March 30, 2014 following the failed coup attempt on December 16, 2013. (Photo by Kunfe Michael Habtemariam/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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BOR, SOUTH SUDAN - APRIL 2: South Sudanese former President Riek Machar and Riek Machar forces at the military camp in the Ismaila village of Jonguei state, Bor,South Sudan on March 30, 2014 following the failed coup attempt on December 16, 2013. (Photo by Kunfe Michael Habtemariam/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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A young South Sudanese woman grinds grain donated by the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) during a visit of the head of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) to check the progress of operations at the Kule refugee camp near the Pagak Border Entry point in the Gambela Region of Ethiopia, on April 2, 2014. Conflict in South Sudan, triggering a large refugee influx into Ethiopia began in mid-December when South Sudanese President Salva Kiir accused senior politicians loyal to former Vice President Riek Machar of staging a coup. Peace talks in Addis Ababa, set to resume again after many attempts, have made little progress as the war drags on in the worlds newest nation. It is the worst violence the country has seen since Juba gained independence from long time civil-war foe Sudan in 2011. AFP PHOTO / Zacharias Abubeker (Photo credit should read ZACHARIAS ABUBEKER/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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A picture shows a general view of the Kule refugee camp near the Pagak Border Entry point in the Gambela Region of Ethiopia, on April 2, 2014, during a visit of the head of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP). Conflict in South Sudan, triggering a large refugee influx into Ethiopia began in mid-December when South Sudanese President Salva Kiir accused senior politicians loyal to former Vice President Riek Machar of staging a coup. Peace talks in Addis Ababa, set to resume again after many attempts, have made little progress as the war drags on in the worlds newest nation. It is the worst violence the country has seen since Juba gained independence from long time civil-war foe Sudan in 2011. AFP PHOTO / Zacharias Abubeker (Photo credit should read ZACHARIAS ABUBEKER/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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Children jump rope in the Kule refugee camp near the Pagak Border Entry point in the Gambela Region of Ethiopia, on April 2, 2014, during a visit of the head of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Executive Director of the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP). Conflict in South Sudan, triggering a large refugee influx into Ethiopia began in mid-December when South Sudanese President Salva Kiir accused senior politicians loyal to former Vice President Riek Machar of staging a coup. Peace talks in Addis Ababa, set to resume again after many attempts, have made little progress as the war drags on in the worlds newest nation. It is the worst violence the country has seen since Juba gained independence from long time civil-war foe Sudan in 2011. AFP PHOTO / Zacharias Abubeker (Photo credit should read ZACHARIAS ABUBEKER/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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GAMBELA, ETHIOPIA - APRIL 1: Refugees fled to Kule refugee camp in Ethiopia due to the clashes between South Sudanese government forces and South Sudan\'s former President Riek Machar\'s opponent groups try to live under difficult conditions in Gambela, Ethiopia on April 1, 2014. (Photo by Minasse Wondimu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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President of South Sudan, Salva Kiir (L) and his Sudanese counterpart Omar al-Bashir take part in a welcome ceremony at Khartoum airport for an official visit on April 5, 2014. Kiir arrived for an official visit to discuss the situation in the war-torn South, whose oil flows are economically vital to both nations. AFP PHOTO / ASHRAF SHAZLY (Photo credit should read ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ASHRAF SHAZLY via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - APRIL 6: Nearly 3000 people from Khor Abeche region in South Darfur leave their home and struggle to survive near the camp of United Nations Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) in Sudan on April 6, 2014. They are attacked by armed group on March 22 and they wait to be transfered to more safer region, Buzzer. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - APRIL 6: Nearly 3000 people from Khor Abeche region in South Darfur leave their home and struggle to survive near the camp of United Nations Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) in Sudan on April 6, 2014. They are attacked by armed group on March 22 and they wait to be transfered to more safer region, Buzzer. (Photo by Albert Gonzalez Farran-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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GAMBELA, ETHIOPIA - APRIL 1: Refugees fled to refugee camp in Ethiopia due to the clashes held in South Sudan, try to live under difficult conditions in Gambela, Ethiopia on April 1, 2014. Refugees up to 90 percent are women and children, suffer poverty, severe drought and an inability to treat medical emergencies. (Photo by Minasse Wondimu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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GAMBELA, ETHIOPIA - APRIL 1: Refugees fled to refugee camp in Ethiopia due to the clashes held in South Sudan, try to live under difficult conditions in Gambela, Ethiopia on April 1, 2014. Refugees up to 90 percent are women and children, suffer poverty, severe drought and an inability to treat medical emergencies. (Photo by Minasse Wondimu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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GAMBELA, ETHIOPIA - APRIL 1: Refugees fled to refugee camp in Ethiopia due to the clashes held in South Sudan, try to live under difficult conditions in Gambela, Ethiopia on April 1, 2014. Refugees up to 90 percent are women and children, suffer poverty, severe drought and an inability to treat medical emergencies. (Photo by Minasse Wondimu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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GAMBELA, ETHIOPIA - APRIL 1: Refugees fled to refugee camp in Ethiopia due to the clashes held in South Sudan, try to live under difficult conditions in Gambela, Ethiopia on April 1, 2014. Refugees up to 90 percent are women and children, suffer poverty, severe drought and an inability to treat medical emergencies. (Photo by Minasse Wondimu/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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South Sudanese cattle herders stand among their animals in a field in Terekeka, in the Central Equatoria state of South Sudan, on April 13, 2014. Conflict in South Sudan has triggered a serious risk of famine that will kill up to 50,000 children within months if immediate action is not taken, the UN warned on April 11. AFP PHOTO / ALI NGETHI (Photo credit should read ALI NGETHI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:ALI NGETHI via Getty Images)
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This handout picture taken on April 15, 2014 and released on April 23 by the the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) shows debris outside the Kali-Ballee Mosque in the oil town of Bentiu, Unity State, on April 15, 2014. \'More than 200 civilians were reportedly killed and over 400 wounded,\' the UN mission in the country said, adding there were also massacres at a church, hospital and an abandoned UN World Food Programme (WFP) compound. South Sudan\'s army has been fighting rebels loyal to sacked vice president Riek Machar, who launched a renewed offensive this month targeting key oil fields. AFP PHOTO / HO / UNMISS\n\nRESTRICTED TO EDITORIAL USE - MANDATORY CREDIT \'AFP PHOTO / HO / UNMISS \' - NO MARKETING NO ADVERTISING CAMPAIGNS - DISTRIBUTED AS A SERVICE TO CLIENTS (Photo credit should read -/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:- via Getty Images)
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KHARTOUM, SOUTH SUDAN - MAY 21: Sudanese troops that are prepared to rescue the Blue Nile and Kordofan regions under rebel\'s control, shown to media in Khartoum, South Sudan on May 21, 2014. (Photo by Stringer/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Women from the Toposa tribe in Naurus, Greater Kapoeta on May 24, 2014. The Toposa of South Sudan are closely related to the Turkana of Kenya, Karamoja of Uganda, and Merille of Ethiopia. Together, they form the largest ethnic group in eastern Africa covering the Elemi triangle. AFP PHOTO/Samir Bol (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAMIR BOL via Getty Images)
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Women from the Toposa tribe in Naurus, Greater Kapoeta on May 24, 2014. The Toposa of South Sudan are closely related to the Turkana of Kenya, Karamoja of Uganda, and Merille of Ethiopia. Together, they form the largest ethnic group in eastern Africa covering the Elemi triangle. AFP PHOTO/Samir Bol (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAMIR BOL via Getty Images)
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SOUTH DARFUR, SOUTH SUDAN - MAY 28: Children who left their homes due to clashes in Darfur, take class at the school of El Sereif camp for Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) in South Darfur, South Sudan on 28 May, 2014. The center reopened during the summer holidays (May-July) for these children who settled recently to the camp with their families and missed the classes in their original villages due to the tribal clashes. According to the local authorities, the center, with 60 teachers and more than 3,000 students, is overpopulated and needs an urgent rehabilitation of the classrooms. (Photo by UNAMID-Pool/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - JUNE 11: Sudanese shelter in refugee camps in their shelter in a new settlement at Zam Zam camp for Internally Displaced People (IDP) in North Darfur, Sudan on June 11, 2014. Thousands of people, mostly women, children and elderly, search for shelter in the Zam Zam refugee camp following an armed militia attack on their villages. Many of the recently displaced hail from different villages around Tawila, Korma and Tina in North Darfur as well as Khor Abeche in South Darfur. The displaced community continues to request for basic services such as water, food, healthcare services and shelter for refugees. (Photo by Pool-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - JUNE 11: Women and children sit next to their shelters in a new settlement at Zam Zam camp for Internally Displaced People (IDP) in North Darfur, Sudan on June 11, 2014. Thousands of people, mostly women, children and elderly, search for shelter in the Zam Zam refugee camp following an armed militia attack on their villages. Many of the recently displaced hail from different villages around Tawila, Korma and Tina in North Darfur as well as Khor Abeche in South Darfur. The displaced community continues to request for basic services such as water, food, healthcare services and shelter for refugees. (Photo by Pool-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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DARFUR, SUDAN - JUNE 11: Sudanese sit in their shelter in a new settlement at Zam Zam camp for Internally Displaced People (IDP) in North Darfur, Sudan on June 11, 2014. Thousands of people, mostly women, children and elderly, search for shelter in the Zam Zam refugee camp following an armed militia attack on their villages. Many of the recently displaced hail from different villages around Tawila, Korma and Tina in North Darfur as well as Khor Abeche in South Darfur. The displaced community continues to request for basic services such as water, food, healthcare services and shelter for refugees. (Photo by Pool-UNAMID/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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SOWETO, SOUTH SUDAN - JUNE 16: The 38th Youth Day marking 1976 Soweto uprising, is commemorated in Soweto, South Sudan, June 16, 2014. On 16th June 1976, thousands of youths in Soweto took to the streets to vent their anger in response to the introduction of Afrikaans as the medium of instruction in schools during the apartheid regime and clashed with security forces. South Africans are commemorating the 38th anniversary of the uprising in which 176 people died. (Photo by Ihsaan Haffejee/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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A Nuer man smokes a pipe in a South Sudanese internally displaced people (IDP) camp at UN House, the UNMISS (United Nations Mission in the Republic of South Sudan) compound on the southwestern outskirts of Juba, on June 23, 2014, during a joint visit by a UNESCO high delegation and the Special Representative of the United Nations\' Secretary-General for Children and Armed Conflict to raise support for peacebuilding in South Sudan. Peace talks between South Sudan rebels and the government adjourned on June 23 with no progress made on forming an interim government or implementing a ceasefire. AFP PHOTO / CHARLES LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:CHARLES LOMODONG via Getty Images)
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A man in a wheelchair buys maize from children at the Tomping Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp in Juba on July 2, 2014. The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) started to move some refugees from the Tomping IDP camp to the Juba 3 camp in an effort to improve living conditions. Over a million people have been displaced outside of their areas since fighting broke out six months ago, many in overcrowded conditions that are worsening with the early arrival of torrential rains. AFP PHOTO / NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICHOLE SOBECKI via Getty Images)
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A man gives English lessons to refugees at the Tomping Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camp in Juba on July 2, 2014. The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) started to move some refugees from the Tomping IDP camp to the Juba 3 camp in an effort to improve living conditions. Over a million people have been displaced outside of their areas since fighting broke out six months ago, many in overcrowded conditions that are worsening with the early arrival of torrential rains. AFP PHOTO / NICHOLE SOBECKI (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICHOLE SOBECKI via Getty Images)
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Martha Nyarueni (R) and her family return to their home outside of the town of Leer, South Sudan, after receiving aid package, on July 5, 2014. In January Martha fled with her husband and five children into the bush, where they lived for months before returning home in May to find their home burned and food stores looted. Over 40 tons of emergency food supplies and seed - enough for 1,100 families - were airdropped into Leer by the International Red Cross. These are the first air drops by the ICRC for nearly two decades, in an effort to reach hundreds of thousands of starving and malnourished people in South Sudan. AFP PHOTO / Nichole Sobecki (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICHOLE SOBECKI via Getty Images)
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A malnourished child is breastfed after he received treatment at the Leer Hospital, South Sudan, on July 7, 2014. Hundreds of thousands of people were cut off from critical, lifesaving medical care after the Leer Hospital, run by Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF-Doctors Without Borders), was ransacked and destroyed between the final days of January and early February. When MSF returned to Leer in mid-May, people in the town were desperate for medical attention, and the hospital admitted over 800 malnourished children in the first day. Aid agencies have warned that famine will break out in war-torn South Sudan within weeks unless massive funding for food aid is provided. AFP PHOTO / Nichole Sobecki (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICHOLE SOBECKI via Getty Images)
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Families with malnourished children wait to receive treatment at the Leer Hospital, South Sudan, on July 7, 2014. Hundreds of thousands of people were cut off from critical, lifesaving medical care after the Leer Hospital, run by Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF-Doctors Without Borders), was ransacked and destroyed between the final days of January and early February. When MSF returned to Leer in mid-May, people in the town were desperate for medical attention, and the hospital admitted over 800 malnourished children in the first day. Aid agencies have warned that famine will break out in war-torn South Sudan within weeks unless massive funding for food aid is provided. AFP PHOTO / Nichole Sobecki (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICHOLE SOBECKI via Getty Images)
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Families with malnourished children wait to receive treatment at the Leer Hospital, South Sudan, on July 7, 2014. Hundreds of thousands of people were cut off from critical, lifesaving medical care after the Leer Hospital, run by Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF-Doctors Without Borders), was ransacked and destroyed between the final days of January and early February. When MSF returned to Leer in mid-May, people in the town were desperate for medical attention, and the hospital admitted over 800 malnourished children in the first day. Aid agencies have warned that famine will break out in war-torn South Sudan within weeks unless massive funding for food aid is provided. AFP PHOTO / Nichole Sobecki (Photo credit should read Nichole Sobecki/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:NICHOLE SOBECKI via Getty Images)
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An elderly woman attends celebrations marking three years of South Sudan\'s independence at the Dr. John Garang Mausoleum in Juba on July 9, 2014. South Sudan\'s warring leaders called on each other to restart peace talks on July 9, all the while trading blame for a raging civil war that marred independence celebrations in the world\'s youngest nation. Thousands waved flags at military parades, despite having little to celebrate in a nation ravaged by ethnic atrocities. AFP PHOTO / CHARLES LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:CHARLES LOMODONG via Getty Images)
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South Sudan young men perform a traditional dance during celebrations marking three years of independence in Juba on July 9, 2014. South Sudan\'s warring leaders called on each other to restart peace talks on July 9, all the while trading blame for a raging civil war that marred independence celebrations in the world\'s youngest nation. Thousands waved flags at military parades, despite having little to celebrate in a nation ravaged by ethnic atrocities. AFP PHOTO / AYMERIC VINCENOT (Photo credit should read AYMERIC VINCENOT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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South Sudan young men perform a traditional dance during celebrations marking three years of independence in Juba on July 9, 2014. South Sudan\'s warring leaders called on each other to restart peace talks on July 9, all the while trading blame for a raging civil war that marred independence celebrations in the world\'s youngest nation. Thousands waved flags at military parades, despite having little to celebrate in a nation ravaged by ethnic atrocities. AFP PHOTO / AYMERIC VINCENOT (Photo credit should read AYMERIC VINCENOT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AFP via Getty Images)
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(AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND OUT) John Garang works with Save the Children in the Awerial district of South Sudan, July 19, 2014. He and his family fled Sudan in 1983, moving first to Ethiopia and then to Kenya as refugees before returning to South Sudan.\n (Photo by Edwina Pickles/The Sydney Morning Herald/Fairfax Media via Getty Images). (credit:The Sydney Morning Herald via Getty Images)
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(AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND OUT) Schoolboys live in an internally displaced persons camp in the Awerial district of South Sudan after fleeing violence in the nearby city of Bor, July 19 2014. \n (Photo by Edwina Pickles/The Sydney Morning Herald/Fairfax Media via Getty Images). (credit:The Sydney Morning Herald via Getty Images)
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(AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND OUT) Dancers and wrestlers in the town of Mingkaman in the Awerial district of South Sudan, July 19, 2014. (Photo by Edwina Pickles/The Sydney Morning Herald/Fairfax Media via Getty Images). (credit:The Sydney Morning Herald via Getty Images)
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(AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND OUT) Dancers and wrestlers in the town of Mingkaman in the Awerial district of South Sudan, July 19, 2014. (Photo by Edwina Pickles/The Sydney Morning Herald/Fairfax Media via Getty Images). (credit:The Sydney Morning Herald via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - JULY 28: Muslims perform Eid al-Fitr prayer in Juba, South Sudan on 28 July, 2014. (Photo by Samir Bol/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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Youngsters attend an anniversary celebration of the Red Army Foundation (RAF) in Juba on July 29, 2014. In the early 1980s, the SPLA recruited and began training boys as young as 12 to fight in its independence battle with Sudan, in a group called the Red Army. The Red Army was later resurrected as the Red Army Foundation (RAF), an organisation dedicated to addressing social problems among former members and South Sudan\'s youth. AFP PHOTO/Samir Bol (Photo credit should read SAMIR BOL/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAMIR BOL via Getty Images)
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A young girl smiles on August 1, 2014 as she plays next to flooded housing in the UN Protection of Civilians (PoC) site in Upper Nile State capital Malakal, South Sudan. South Sudan\'s warring leaders will resume peace talks next week, mediators said on August 1, amid warnings of famine within weeks if fighting continues. AFP PHOTO / CHARLES LOMODONG (Photo credit should read CHARLES LOMODONG/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:CHARLES LOMODONG via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - SEPTEMBER 17: South Sudanese police men take security measure around the UNMISS Refugee Camp as The Director of Operations, European Commissions Humanitarian Aid and Civil Protection Department (ECHO) Jean-Louis de Brouwer (not seen) visits the refugee camp in Juba, South Sudan, on September 17, 2014. (Photo by Samir Bol/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)
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JUBA, SOUTH SUDAN - SEPTEMBER 17: Refugees are seen around the tent cities in UNMISS Refugee Camp in Juba, South Sudan, on September 17, 2014. (Photo by Samir Bol/Anadolu Agency/Getty Images) (credit:Anadolu Agency via Getty Images)

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