トランプ大統領、新規制を1つ導入するごとに2つ撤廃することを義務づける大統領令に署名

政府機関による民間企業への規制を緩和するものだ。
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U.S. President Donald Trump signs an executive order cutting regulations, accompanied by small business leaders at the Oval Office of the White House in Washington U.S., January 30, 2017. REUTERS/Carlos Barria
Carlos Barria / Reuters

アメリカのドナルド・トランプ大統領は1月30日に大統領令に署名し、新しい規制を1つ提案するごとに、撤廃候補となる既存の規制を2つ提示することを義務付けた。

この大統領令はトランプ大統領の選挙公約に沿ったもので、政府機関による民間企業への規制を緩和するものだ。しかし2対1の規制スワップ(交換)条件は、連邦政府が規制を導入する際の基本理念に反する可能性がある。その基本理念とは、一般国民を保護することだ。

「連邦政府の省庁が新たな規制の通知とパブリックコメントを募集する場合、あるいは施行する場合は、撤廃の対象となる既存の規制2つを候補として挙げなければならない」と大統領令には書かれている。

トランプ氏の大統領令には規制に伴って発生する費用に関しても触れているが、これを数値で示すのは明らかに困難だ。「新しい規制により生じる新たなコストは全額、それに合わせて少なくとも2つ撤廃される、既存の規制にかかっていたコストで相殺しなければならない」と大統領令にはある。さらに、「今年新しく導入される新規制に伴い、発生する増加コストは、相殺されてプラスマイナスゼロになる値を上回らないこととする」と定められている。

この大統領令は、共和党のミック・ムルバニー下院議員が最高責任者となり、どういった規制やコストが対象になるかを決定する権限を定めるものだ。ムルバニー議員はトランプ大統領が行政予算管理局長官に指名するとみられる。大統領令に基づき、行政予算管理局が規制の増減による予算の増減額を決定する役割を担うこととなる。

今回の新しい大統領令はトランプ政権の法規制凍結政策に伴うものだ。トランプ氏は、大統領就任式当日の20日、医療保険改革法(オバマケア)の見直しのほか、各政府機関が予定していた新規制を凍結する大統領令を出した。ホワイトハウスの複数の高官は30日、法規制は「徐々に解除する方向」にあり、新しい規制案を議会に提案すべく手続きが進んでいるという。

また、2対1の規制スワップを実施する時期は未だに「調整中」で、誰が規制スワップを承認することになるかは不透明だという。

消費者団体は、トランプ政権が経済界向けに公約を実行した今回の大統領令を批判した。「今回の大統領令は今までトランプ大統領が署名したものと同様、過激で、実現性に乏しいものです」と、NPO「パブリック・シチズン」の代表ロバート・ワイスマン氏は語った。「この大統領令は国民の命を救い、環境を保護し、大企業を取り締まり、消費者を保護し、差別を取り締まるという、アメリカ政府の役割がすぐに失われ、長期的な損害を与えることとなる」

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トランプ大統領の大統領令に抗議する全米のデモ
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(08 of38)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: Protesters are seen during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
Demonstrators Protest Muslim Travel Ban In New York City(10 of38)
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NEW YORK, NY - JANUARY 29: A view of protest sign during a rally to protest the executive order that President Donald Trump signed clamping down on refugee admissions and temporarily restricting travelers from seven predominantly Muslim countries in New York City on January 29, 2017 in New York City. (Photo by Noam Galai/WireImage) (credit:Noam Galai via Getty Images)
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Protestors In Seattle Rally Against Trump's Muslim Immigration Ban(22 of38)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
Protestors Rally Against Muslim Immigration Ban At LAX(30 of38)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
Protestors Rally Against Muslim Immigration Ban At LAX(31 of38)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
Protestors Rally Against Muslim Immigration Ban At LAX(32 of38)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
Protestors Rally Against Muslim Immigration Ban At LAX(33 of38)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
Protestors Rally Against Muslim Immigration Ban At LAX(34 of38)
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LOS ANGELES, CA - JANUARY 29: Protesters rally against the Muslim immigration ban imposed by U.S. President Donald Trump at Los Angeles International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Los Angeles, California. (Photo by Amanda Edwards/Getty Images) (credit:Amanda Edwards via Getty Images)
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Demonstrators protest President Donald Trump\'s executive immigration ban at O\'Hare International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Chicago, Illinois.\nUS President Trump signed the controversial executive order that halted refugees and residents from predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States. / AFP / Joshua LOTT (Photo credit should read JOSHUA LOTT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:JOSHUA LOTT via Getty Images)
Immigration Protest(36 of38)
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Demonstrators protest President Donald Trump\'s executive immigration ban at O\'Hare International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Chicago, Illinois.\nUS President Trump signed the controversial executive order that halted refugees and residents from predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States. / AFP / Joshua LOTT (Photo credit should read JOSHUA LOTT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:JOSHUA LOTT via Getty Images)
Immigration Protest(37 of38)
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A woman yells as she protest President Donald Trump\'s executive immigration ban at O\'Hare International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Chicago, Illinois.\nUS President Trump signed the controversial executive order that halted refugees and residents from predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States. / AFP / Joshua LOTT (Photo credit should read JOSHUA LOTT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:JOSHUA LOTT via Getty Images)
Immigration Protest(38 of38)
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A woman holds a sign as she protest President Donald Trump\'s executive immigration ban at O\'Hare International Airport on January 29, 2017 in Chicago, Illinois.\nUS President Trump signed the controversial executive order that halted refugees and residents from predominantly Muslim countries from entering the United States. / AFP / Joshua LOTT (Photo credit should read JOSHUA LOTT/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:JOSHUA LOTT via Getty Images)

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