トランプ大統領、世論調査の結果を「偽ニュース」と決めつける

「フェイクニュースを流しているメディアは嘘まみれだ!」
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フロリダ州マクディル空軍基地で演説し、支持者から声援を受けるトランプ大統領

アメリカのドナルド・トランプ大統領は2月6日早朝、政策に関する世論調査の数字にTwitterで不満をあらわにした。「あらゆる否定的な調査結果」を、大統領選期間中にCNNやABC、NBCが出した世論調査結果に例えて、全て"偽ニュース"だと決めつけた。

否定的な世論調査結果は全て偽ニュースだ。選挙中にCNNやABC、NBCが出した世論調査結果のようだ。申し訳ないが、国民は国境警備と徹底的な入国審査を求めている。

この戦術は、自分自身に否定的な意見が投げかけられたときの、トランプ大統領の常套手段(公にそれを"フェイク=ニセモノ"と呼び、自分の方がよく知っていると主張する)のようだ。トランプ氏は国民が世論調査の数字を信じないように操作しようとしている。世論調査の数字については、大統領自らが、対応に躍起になっている

世論調査には、何百万ものアメリカ人の意見が反映される―もちろん、数百人、数千人から得られるサンプルに基づいているために多少の誤差が生じる余地はある。トランプ氏が今回問題にしている世論調査はどれも非常に質が高く、実際、調査結果は国政選挙の結果に近い。

トランプ大統領がこういった世論調査に不満を感じてきた理由は、アメリカの国民世論を忠実に反映しなかったからではない。自分が一般投票で勝つ見込みがないことを示したからだ。実際に一般投票では勝てなかった。この敗北した現実についても300万から500万人が不正投票したと主張して、信ぴょう性に異議を唱えている。そして今、トランプ大統領は自分の政策に関する世論調査についても同じように異議を唱えている。

厳密にいえば、トランプ氏の「人々は国境のセキュリティと厳格な入国審査を望んでいる」との主張は正しい。そのように望む人々もいる。トランプ氏の移民政策は、一定数のアメリカ人には人気がある。しかし、どれだけ多くの人が政策を支持するかは、世論調査員の質問の仕方によって変わる。ある世論調査ではトランプの入国禁止令に過半数が賛成だが、いくつかの世論調査では過半数が反対している。

例えばハフィントンポストUS版と世論調査会社「YouGov」が実施した最新の世論調査をみると、トランプ大統領がイスラム主流国7カ国(イラン、イラク、リビア、ソマリア、スーダン、シリア、イエメン)の人々の入国を90日間禁じ、難民の受け入れを120日間一時的に停止する入国禁止令に関して回答者の意見は分かれており、おおむね共和・民主の支持者で違いが際立っている。

トランプ氏の大統領令に賛成しているのは48%、反対は44%だった。賛否の程度はほぼ同じで、「強く賛成」が33%、「強く反対」が34%だった。

大統領令の実施に関する見方も分かれており、41%の人が「どちらかといえば良かった」または「とても良かった」と答え、38%の人が「あまり良くなかった」または「全く良くなかった」と答えた。

政策に対する国民の支持を測定しようとする調査の結果は、大幅に異なってくる場合がある。とりわけ今回の入国禁止令に関しては、質問の仕方や、調査方法の違いで結果が大きく影響されることが分かっている。

たとえば、2015年後半にトランプ氏が最初に一時的に「イスラム教徒のアメリカ入国を完全に停止」する提案をしたとき、世論調査では、国民全体の25%から45%は賛成し、共和党内では42%から69%が賛成だった。

質問内容が異なってくると、大きな違いが生まれてくる。イスラム教徒の入国禁止に関して賛成が最も少なかった調査の質問を見ると、「完全な停止」について、入国禁止が一時的であることを明示せずに、トランプ氏の発言を使用している。

一方、賛成が最も多かった調査の質問を見ると、トランプ氏の名前を削除し、同時に入国禁止案は「何が起きているのかこの国の代表者たちが把握できるまで」続けられると書かれている。

入国禁止令の世論調査結果、CNNとORCの結果を追加。

トランプ氏は単に大多数が支持していると主張しているだけではない。明らかに、あらゆる反対意見に疑いをかけようとしており「否定的な世論調査結果はすべて偽ニュースだ」などと発言している。これは大統領として異例の、驚くべき発言だ。

歴代大統領の多くは、自身の世論調査の結果を好ましく思っていないだろう。バラク・オバマ大統領時代は、2010年以降、医療保険制度改革法(オバマケア)にほとんどの人が反対する調査結果が出た。ジョージ・W・ブッシュ大統領時代の2期目は、世論調査の支持率が低下し続けている。

しかし、オバマ大統領もブッシュ大統領もアメリカ国民の意見を疑うようなことは避けた。トランプ大統領は、自分に都合の悪いことは全て無視してもよく、彼の「蓄積されたデータ」に基づいて国のために最善の決断を行うことを我々は盲信すべきだと考えているようだ。

私が主に蓄積されたデータに基づいて自分の判断をしていることはみんなわかっている。それを軽視してフェイクニュースを流しているメディアは嘘まみれだ!

トランプ氏であろうと、あるいは他の誰かの発言であろうと、我々はこれを信じてはならない。データの引用や出処が確認できないのは、それを事実と信じるべきではない第一の理由だ。 同じ基準は大統領に対しても適用される。

トランプ氏は頭が良い。一般大衆から信頼されない制度や機関を攻撃する、そしてマスメディアによる世論調査をやり玉に挙げてダブルパンチを食らわせる。しかし世論調査の結果が気に入らないからといって、「あらゆる否定的な」情報はでっち上げだと主張するのは危険なことだ。世論調査についてそうした主張をするなら、他の事実関係についても同様な主張をするのだろう。それは非常に独裁主義的なやり方だ。

気にくわないことは「でっち上げ」だとするトランプ氏をこのままやり過ごすわけにはいかない。我々は世論調査、そしてあらゆる手段を使って、自らの意見を継続的に反映させていく必要がある。

言っておくが、みなさん、トランプは裁判所や国会が彼を押さえつけようとすれば、おそらくまた同じように「でっち上げ」戦術を使おうとするだろうね。

「否定的なニュース=でっち上げニュース」は正真正銘の筋金入りオーウェリアン主義(ジョージ・オーウェルの小説『1984年』で描かれた監視管理社会)だ。

ハフィントンポストUS版より翻訳・加筆しました。

▼画像集「トランプ大統領の大統領令に抗議する全米のデモ」が開きます▼

トランプ大統領の大統領令に抗議する全米のデモ
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