具体化しない築地市場の再開発、豊洲移転問題の何が進んでいるのか

築地市場の豊洲移転問題は、いよいよ2020年の五輪も絡んだスケジュールで動き始める。
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「築地市場(東京都中央区)の移転については、一歩立ち止まって考えるべきだ」

2016年7月22日、築地市場の目の前の交差点で、当時、都知事選の候補者だった小池百合子都知事がそう公約を掲げてから丸1年が経った。

そして知事選勝利後、移転を延期した小池都知事が、長い時間考えて検証した末、2017年6月20日に導き出したのは「築地は守る・豊洲(江東区)は活かす」という基本方針だった。

■見えない「築地新市場」の実現性

7月21日には「市場移転に関する関係局長会議」で、小池都知事は都庁幹部たちに豊洲市場移転と築地再開発に必要な手続きの確認を行った。

「前回の局長会議(6月22日)で出された課題の進捗状況を関係各局に確認したい」

局長会議の冒頭で、小池都知事はそう報告を求めたが、都庁側から具体的な動きは何もない。この日、配布された資料でも、とりあえず2020年の五輪に向けて、築地市場の豊洲移転後、「環状2号線エリアを優先して解体工事」や「輸送拠点として活用」する内容ばかりだった。

築地市場の仲卸業者たちは、とくに築地に市場を戻す再開発計画の情報について、知事の基本方針の発表前も、発表後も、都側から説明を求めている。しかし、この日も、築地再開発に至るまでの基本方針に対する、説明に足るような報告はなかった。

小池都知事が局長会議で再三懸念していたのは、「仲卸の人たちの経営状況」だった。

「市場の人たちが説明を待っている。築地でさえ経営が厳しい方々もいる。しっかり寄り添う形で進めて頂きたい」

このように小池都知事が「築地の人たちの不安や思いに寄り添う」と述べたのは、基本方針で示したおよそ5年という期間が、仲卸に負担を強い、業者の減少が加速化することを危惧するからだろう。しかし、早急に移転手続きを進めるよう指示する小池都知事に対し、都の局長たちは、

「ご指示されたように対応していきたい」

「しっかり検討していきたい」

などと通り一遍に答えるばかりだった。

基本方針の進捗を急がせたい小池都知事と、1カ月間動きのなかった局長たちの間で、見えない火花が飛んでいるのかどうかは不明だ。だが、局長会議があえて「プロセスの確認」のみに留まったことについて、ある都庁関係者は、「知事が(将来)いなくなるまで築地新市場の具体化は先延ばしするつもりだろう」と声を潜める。

小池都知事の任期は、2020年7月まで。東京五輪があるので「次の知事選は確実に出る」として、2期目の知事職を任期いっぱい務めたとしても、あと7年となる。

基本方針通りに計画を進めることができれば、小池都知事がいる間に、築地再開発工事を完成させ、市場業者を築地に戻すことができる。しかし、何も決めないままなら「小池知事がいなくなれば、築地の先行きが不透明になる」として、仲卸たちは不安げだ。

仲卸の将来をめぐる不安要素は、市場の移転だけにとどまらない。

先月6月9日に閣議決定された「規制改革実施計画」と「未来投資戦略2017」には、卸売市場法について、「合理的な理由のなくなっている規制は廃止すべく」「流通・加工の構造改革を進めるため、中間流通の抜本的な合理化を含めた事業・業界の再編」という文言を用いて、市場法の廃止を含めた改正の方針が盛り込まれている。

これは築地市場に限った話ではないが、規制撤廃と流通合理化という不可逆な流れから、「仲卸」という業態は排除の対象とされていくといえる。だからこそ、「近代のヴェネチアン・グラスの職人のように、伝統的な文化として保護したい」というのが、小池都知事サイドの目論見だ。

■「築地は守る」と「築地を守る」の大きな隔たり

しかし、当の築地の仲卸たちの受け止めは全く異なる。

築地市場の水産仲卸でつくる東京魚市場卸協同組合(東卸=早山豊理事長、約550事業者)のうち、組合員を代表する総代の会が7月12日、移転問題の意向調査を行ったところ、総代の半数近くは「築地にとどまり改修・再生」を望んでいるという結果が出た。

さらに25日には水産仲卸の女性経営者たちでつくる築地女将さん会(山口タイ会長、会員約40人)が日本外国特派員協会で会見を行った。

女将たちは、移転先の豊洲市場は、土壌汚染問題が約束不履行な状態になっているうえ市場として機能しないなど、長年指摘されてきた多くの課題が解決されていない計画のままであると指摘し、こう訴えた。

「小池さんが『やっぱり再整備』と言うと信じている。豊洲に行ったら、5年後、築地に帰って来れない。どんなことがあっても築地を守っていく」(山口会長)

小池都知事が基本方針で掲げた「築地は守る」と、移転を余儀なくされた当事者の語る「築地を守る」には大きな隔たりがある。

豊洲移転と築地再開発を含めた都の基本方針については、ようやく来月8月2日、3日の2日間にわたり、都側が水産仲卸の組合員550業者対象にした説明会を東京魚市場卸協同組合主催で実施する予定だ。

■ 「千客万来施設」をめぐる迷走

その一方で、豊洲市場の付帯施設「千客万来施設」を巡っても、不穏な成り行きが聞こえてくる。

「千客万来施設」は、豊洲市場に予定している新たな観光型の場外施設だ。運営主体「万葉倶楽部」が、撤退を検討していると報道され、話題になった。

小池都知事は、7月21日の定例会見で「千客万来施設は、豊洲ならではの活気やにぎわいを生み出す、豊洲にとって必要な施設」と強調したが、万葉倶楽部側は、「このままだと撤退を検討せざるを得なくなる」と主張している。

「現時点で撤退を決めたということではありません。知事の基本方針表明の翌日に取締役会議で検討し、都に相談したのはその翌日です。基本方針ではよくわからなかったので、具体的な方向性を明確にお示しいただかないと、このままでは撤退を検討せざるを得ない、というのが正直な感想です」

「都には、『市場が2つできるのか?』『豊洲の2キロ先で築地の食のテーマパークということはどういうことなのか?』『豊洲市場がITの物流センターというのはどういうことか?』『(千客万来施設の)プロポーザルの前提条件はどこにいったのか?』等を伺いたいですね。これまでの都との関係性から、今月中にでも回答があると期待しています」(新規開発事業部の関根俊幸取締役)

万葉倶楽部によれば、以前に千客万来施設に入るテナントについて、築地の場外市場に「豊洲の千客万来施設に興味はあるか?」とアンケートをとったところ、「数十件単位で、興味はありとの返事があった」という。もちろん、場外の店の多数から興味があると返事をもらっていたとしても、必ずしも「移転に賛同する」という話ではない。

千客万来施設が予定されているのは水産仲卸業者が入る6街区であり、市場業者の間では、24時間車が出入りする温泉施設に対して「交通渋滞になり、物流に支障が出るし、スペースも取る」などと施設の存在そのものを懸念する声もくすぶっている。

その上、移転延期後に発覚した土壌汚染対策として施したはずの「盛り土がなかった」問題や、地下水モニタリングで環境基準を超える汚染が今も残存することが発覚した。

万葉倶楽部側も、そうしたこの1年の豊洲市場をめぐる状況の変化を見て「以前のアンケートで得た結果が今はどう変化したか、甚だ疑問が残る」と先行きを懸念する。

■ 「現実的に選択できるシナリオではない」

築地市場の豊洲移転問題は、いよいよ2020年の五輪も絡んだスケジュールで動き始める。

市場業者の間では、基本方針が覆ることを期待する動きもあるが、知事周辺は、仲卸業者の多くが望む「築地で営業しながらローリング工事による改修工事」の計画は、技術的には可能であっても、方法論として、市場関係者の協力が得られないことと工期が長年かかることから、「現実的に選択できるシナリオではない」という見方がもっぱらだ。

21日の定例会見で発表された「重点政策方針2017」の8つの戦略の中には、築地・豊洲の「食の安全安心」問題は、すでにない。小池都知事は、豊洲市場の「安心・安全」の問題は、これまでの歴代知事が目指してきた「無害化」方針の「撤回」と市場業者への「謝罪」とともに、盛り土に替わる追加対策や地下水管理システムの機能強化などの工事の遂行、情報公開の徹底によって、「解決」を図る方向なのだろうか。

一方で、豊洲市場を開場した場合に毎年約100億円と試算されている中央卸売市場の会計の課題は、まだ何も解決策が具体化していない。このままだと多額の税金投入は避けられない。

小池都知事は21日の定例会見の中で、新しい「平成30年度予算見積方針・平成30年度組織定数方針を打ち出し、今後の取り組みに「エビデンス・ベース(客観的事実に基づく評価)による予算立案の方針を示した。

その中で、改善すべき負の事例として「豊洲市場」をこんな風に取り挙げた。

「これまでがエピソード・ベース(都庁内の予測や経験など、限られた情報)による分析が行われて、まずは事業を始めて、そこからどんどん(事業費が)いつのまにか増えてしまう。豊洲の例なども、1つのケースかもしれません」

都は今後、どうやって豊洲の巨大施設を維持管理していくのか。都議会は今後いつまで、約100億円ともされる赤字を計上した決算を認め続けるのか。

小池都知事は会見で、重点政策方針の実行プランに追加・拡充する事業は「シーリング対象外」としつつ、その他の事業は「ゼロシーリング」を継続する方針についても明らかにしている。

市場会計の赤字の計上が、いつまで議会で認められるか、将来税金での補填がいつまでできるのかはわからない。

池上正樹

通信社などの勤務を経て、フリーのジャーナリスト。日本文藝家協会会員。Yahoo!ニュース個人オーサー。心や街などを追いかける。著書は『ひきこもる女性たち』(ベスト新書)、『大人のひきこもり 本当は「外に出る理由」を探している人たち』(講談社現代新書)、『ダメダメな人生を変えたいM君と生活保護』(ポプラ新書)、『ふたたび、ここから~東日本大震災・石巻の人たちの50日間』(ポプラ社)、『痴漢「冤罪裁判」』(小学館文庫)、『あのとき、大川小学校で何が起きたのか』(青志社)など多数。厚労省の全国KHJ家族会事業委員、東京都町田市「ひきこもり」ネットワーク専門部会委員なども務める。

加藤順子

ライター、フォトグラファー、気象予報士。テレビやラジオ等の気象解説者を経て、取材者に転向。東日本大震災の被災地で取材を続けている。著書は『下流中年 一億総貧困化の行方』 (ソフトバンク新書) 、『石巻市立大川小学校「事故検証委員会」を検証する』(ポプラ社、共著)、『あのとき、大川小学校で何が起きたのか』(青志社、共著)など。Yahoo! 個人 http://bylines.news.yahoo.co.jp/katoyoriko/

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Japan Moving Tsukiji(22 of46)
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Prospective buyers inspects the quality of fin of a fresh tuna before the first auction of the year at Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Tuesday, Jan. 5, 2016. Itâs among the biggest of Japanâs many New Year holiday rituals: Early on Tuesday, a huge, glistening tuna was auctioned for about 14 million Japanese yen ($118,000) at Tokyoâs 80-year-old Tsukiji market. Next year, if all goes as planned, the tradition wonât be quite the same. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Moving Tsukiji(23 of46)
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A prospective buyer inspects the quality of frozen tuna before the first auction of the year at Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Tuesday, Jan. 5, 2016. Itâs among the biggest of Japanâs many New Year holiday rituals: Early on Tuesday, a huge, glistening tuna was auctioned for about 14 million Japanese yen ($118,000) at Tokyoâs 80-year-old Tsukiji market. Next year, if all goes as planned, the tradition wonât be quite the same. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan New Years Eve(24 of46)
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With a banner that reads \"spicy cod roe\" a vender, top left, calls for attention of shoppers who look for ingredients for âosechiâ or traditional Japanese New Year dishes, near Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo Thursday, Dec. 31, 2015. New Year is Japan\'s biggest holiday, and millions crammed into trains to flee the cities for their hometowns to slurp down bowls of noodles, symbolizing longevity, while watching the annual Red and White NHK song competition. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan New Years Eve(25 of46)
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Venders sell ingredients for âosechiâ or Japanese traditional New Year dishes, near Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Thursday, Dec. 31, 2015. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan New Years Eve(26 of46)
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A shopper buys ingredients for âosechiâ or Japanese traditional New Year dishes, at a shop near Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Thursday, Dec. 31, 2015. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan New Years Eve(27 of46)
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Shoppers who look for ingredients for âosechiâ or Japanese traditional New Year dishes, look at seafoods at a fish store near Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Thursday, Dec. 31, 2015. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan New Years Eve(28 of46)
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Shoppers buy a piece of tuna from Kiyoshi Kimura, center left, the owner of Japanese sushi restaurant chain Sushi Zanmai, at his fish store near Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Thursday, Dec. 31, 2015. Tsukiji fish market is crowded by shoppers who look for ingredients for âosechiâ or Japanese traditional New Year dishes. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan New Years Eve(29 of46)
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A vender, center, sells fresh seafood to shoppers who look for ingredients for âosechiâ or Japanese traditional New Year dishes, near Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Thursday, Dec. 31, 2015. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan New Years Eve(30 of46)
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Shoppers who look for ingredients for âosechiâ or Japanese traditional New Year dishes, stroll near Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Thursday, Dec. 31, 2015. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Workers on a a motorized cargo cart called a taretto, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(31 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Workers on a a motorized cargo cart called a taretto, kanto region, tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
Whale shop at tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(32 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Whale shop at tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
Vendor holding a big tuna fish in tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(33 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Vendor holding a big tuna fish head in tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
Tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(34 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
A man driving a motorized cargo cart called a taretto, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(35 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Aman driving a motorized cargo cart called a taretto, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
Tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(36 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
Taretto in tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan(37 of46)
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TOKYO, JAPAN - MAY 21: Taretto in tsukiji fish market, Kanto region, Tokyo, Japan on May 21, 2016 in Tokyo, Japan. (Photo by Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us/Corbis via Getty Images) (credit:Eric Lafforgue/Art in All of Us via Getty Images)
JAPAN(38 of46)
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A wholesaler hacks at the carcass of tuna after an auction at the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo September 9, 2006. The market is the world\'s largest seafood wholesale market with an annual turnover of $6 billion, and nearly 3,000 tons and 450 species traded daily by auction. Tokyo\'s bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics proposes to build the media center or the athletes\' village on the site of the Tsukiji market, which the government has long tried to evict from prime real estate in central Tokyo. REUTERS/Lucy Nicholson (JAPAN) (credit:Lucy Nicholson / Reuters)
JAPAN(39 of46)
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Wholesalers prepare tuna for boxing after an auction at the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo September 9, 2006. The market is the world\'s largest seafood wholesale market with an annual turnover of $6 billion, and nearly 3,000 tons and 450 species traded daily by auction. Tokyo\'s bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics proposes to build the media center or the athletes\' village on the site of the Tsukiji market, which the government has long tried to evict from prime real estate in central Tokyo. REUTERS/Lucy Nicholson (JAPAN) (credit:Lucy Nicholson / Reuters)
JAPAN(40 of46)
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A wholesaler packs a tuna in a wooden box for shipping after an auction at the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo September 9, 2006. The market is the world\'s largest seafood wholesale market with an annual turnover of $6 billion, and nearly 3,000 tons and 450 species traded daily by auction. Tokyo\'s bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics proposes to build the media center or the athletes\' village on the site of the Tsukiji market, which the government has long tried to evict from prime real estate in central Tokyo. REUTERS/Lucy Nicholson (JAPAN) (credit:Lucy Nicholson / Reuters)
JAPAN(41 of46)
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Octopi are displayed for sale after an auction at the Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo September 9, 2006. The market is the world\'s largest seafood wholesale market with an annual turnover of $6 billion, and nearly 3,000 tons and 450 species traded daily by auction. Tokyo\'s bid for the 2016 Summer Olympics proposes to build the media center or the athletes\' village on the site of the Tsukiji market, which the government has long tried to evict from prime real estate in central Tokyo. REUTERS/Lucy Nicholson (JAPAN) (credit:Lucy Nicholson / Reuters)
Japan Daily Life(42 of46)
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Foreign tourists pose for a photo in front of a sushi restaurant at Tsukiji fish market, one of the most popular tourist spots in Tokyo, Monday, April 14, 2014. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Daily Life(43 of46)
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Foreign tourists use chopsticks to eat grilled scallops on a bench at Tsukiji fish market, one of the famous tourists spots in Tokyo, Monday, April 14, 2014. (AP Photo/Koji Sasahara) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Tuna(44 of46)
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FILE - In this Friday, March 28, 2014 file photo, customers look at the head of a bluefin tuna in front of a sushi restaurant at Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo. The multi-nation fisheries body that monitors most of the Pacific Ocean has agreed to cut the catch of juvenile bluefin tuna to half of its average level in 2002-2004. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Economy(45 of46)
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Shoppers buy dry seafood at Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo, Friday, March 28, 2014. Japanese household spending fell 1.5 percent in February from a year earlier, suggesting consumers are tightening belts ahead of an April 1 hike in the country\'s sales tax. The government also reported Friday, March 28 that core consumer prices rose 1.3 percent in February, though a large share of the increase was due to rising energy costs. (AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Japan Economy(46 of46)
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FILE - In this March 28, 2014 file photo, a fruits shop clerk waits for customers at Tsukiji fish market in Tokyo. Japan\'s consumer prices rose 3.2 percent from a year earlier in April to the highest level since 1991, the government said Friday, May 30, 2014, largely due to a sales tax increase.(AP Photo/Eugene Hoshiko, File) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)