日本の「民進党」と台湾「民進党」の差はどこにあるのか

台湾の民進党は、誇張ではなく、本物の血を流して民主化を勝ち取り、その後も敗北を繰り返しながら、ようやく今日の地位にまで上り詰めた伝統を持っている。
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日本の民主党と維新の党が合流し、「民進党」という名称で再出発することになった。民主党は党勢がいまだ回復の兆しが見えないなかで、維新と一緒になって名前を変えての出直しという状況にある。一方、台湾の民進党は先の台湾総統選で圧倒的な勝利を収め、5月20日から与党に返り咲く。

もちろん今回の新名称が「国民とともに進んでいく」(民主党の説明)という意味で、台湾の民進党とは関係がないとはいえ、どうしても連想してしまうことは否めない。台湾に多少なりとも関わりのある人間にとっては、聞き慣れた名称が日本に広がることに嬉しさもある半面、いささかの居心地の悪さも禁じ得ない、というのが正直なところだろう。

中国への配慮から......

台湾の民進党は略称で、正式名称は「民主進歩党」である。1986年に国民党の一党専制下で、反体制人士を中心に非合法政党として結党された。

結党前から弾圧によって犠牲者や逮捕者を出しながら戒厳令の解除や民主化などを要求して台湾社会の支持を集め、1989年に合法化されると、党勢を次第に拡大。2000年には陳水扁総統を当選させて政権交代を成し遂げた。2008年にいったん政権を失うが、2016年5月から政権復帰することになっている。現在、結党からちょうど30年で、党勢は最高潮に達している。

日本の民主党や維新の党は敗北や分裂が続き、どちらの党も全体としては決して元気だとは言えない。そんななかで、台湾の民進党の立法委員が「縁起が悪い」と述べたと伝わり、話題になった。一方、民進党のスポークスマンは「同じ名前の友党が増え、親近感を覚える」と歓迎の意を示している。

このように台湾側で日本の「民進党」の誕生に複雑な受け止め方が広がっているのは、勢力の強弱という問題もあるだろうが、これまで民主党と台湾の間にそれほど深い信頼関係が築かれていなかったことも関わっていると見るべきだろう。基本的にリベラルな政策で価値観が一致する両党間では、それなりに人的交流の積み重ねがないわけではないが、「親台湾」議員を中心に台湾政界と長く付き合ってきた自民党のそれには及ばない。

民主党・野田政権時代の2012年には東日本大震災に対する台湾の手厚い支援があったにもかかわらず、中国への配慮などから追悼式典で台湾代表が指名献花から外されたことは、いまも日本や台湾の人々の記憶に残っている。

「反対運動の荒っぽい政党」

ひるがえって世界には、台湾だけでなく、ほかにも民進党という名称を使った政党が存在している。真っ先に思い起こされるのは、中国の「民進」という政党だ。

1945年に発足した「中国民主促進会」は、略称「民進」と呼ばれ、中国に共産党以外で存在する「民主党派」と呼ばれる8つの共産党の友党の1つだ。日中戦争時に抗日で論陣を張った上海の知識人や教師を中心に結成され、中華人民共和国の成立後は、その社会主義国家建設を支持し、「共産党と共存し、肝胆相照らし、相互に監督し、栄辱を共にする」などをモットーに、今日でも全国政治協商会議などにメンバーを送り込んでいる。

一方、香港では昨年、「民主進歩党」という台湾と同名の政党も設立された。こちらは香港の民主化と香港の主体性を強調し、中国の統治には批判的なグループで、台湾の民進党の影響も受けた党名だとも言われている。

いずれにせよ、かつては「反対運動の荒っぽい政党」というイメージがなかったわけではなかった民進党の名称が、ここにきてアジアに広がっていることは興味深い現象だ。台湾の民進党は、誇張ではなく、本物の血を流して民主化を勝ち取り、その後も敗北を繰り返しながら、ようやく今日の地位にまで上り詰めた伝統を持っている。日本の「民進党」が、その名前に恥じないよう、自民党などからの「野合」批判を払拭し、今後の日本政治でも台湾の民進党のように活躍できることを願っている。

野嶋剛

1968年生まれ。上智大学新聞学科卒。大学在学中に香港中文大学に留学。92年朝日新聞社入社後、佐賀支局、中国・アモイ大学留学、西部社会部を経て、2001年シンガポール支局長。その後、イラク戦争の従軍取材を経験し、07年台北支局長、国際編集部次長。現在はアエラ編集部。著書に「イラク戦争従軍記」(朝日新聞社)、「ふたつの故宮博物院」(新潮選書)、「謎の名画・清明上河図」(勉誠出版)、「銀輪の巨人ジャイアント」(東洋経済新報社)、「ラスト・バタリオン 蒋介石と日本軍人たち」(講談社)、「認識・TAIWAN・電影 映画で知る台湾」(明石書店)、訳書に「チャイニーズ・ライフ」(明石書店)。

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(2015年3月15日フォーサイトより転載)

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