関東大震災から94年、廃墟と化した東京の姿をふりかえる(画像集)

銀座、浅草、上野、日本橋も…
Open Image Modal
関東大震災後の東京・日本橋の様子。橋向こうの左側に、三越本館が見える。
Great Kanto Earthquake.com

関東大震災から9月1日で94年を迎えた。

1923(大正12)年9月1日午前11時58分、相模湾を震源とするマグニチュード7.9の巨大地震が発生。死者・行方不明者は約10万5000人、建物の全半壊・焼失は約37万棟の大惨事となった。当時、日本海側にあった台風の影響で強風が吹き、東京や横浜で市街地は大火災に見舞われた。不幸にも、昼時でかまどや七輪などを使用していた人が多かったことも、火災が広がった一因となった。

震災後には、朝鮮人が「略奪や放火をした」「井戸に毒を入れた」などのデマが広がり、各自で結成された自警団が朝鮮人を殺す事件が発生した。

政府の中央防災会議がまとめた報告書では、「関東大震災時には、官憲、被災者や周辺住民による殺傷行為が多数発生した。武器を持った多数者が非武装の少数者に暴行を加えたあげくに殺害するという虐殺という表現が妥当する例が多かった。殺傷の対象となったのは、朝鮮人が最も多かったが、中国人、内地人も少なからず被害にあった」としている。

1960年には内閣が閣議了解で、毎年9月1日を「防災の日」に制定。全国各地で地震や津波に備えた防災訓練が実施されるようになった。

関東大震災は、海外の研究者も研究対象としている。香港大学のチャールズ・シェンキング教授は、関東大震災の情報をまとめたウェブサイト「Great Kanto Earthquake.com 」で、震災当時の写真やハガキを公開し、その惨状を今に伝えている。

▼「関東大震災」当時の写真・ハガキスライドショー▼

関東大震災(1923年9月1日)
上野公園・西郷隆盛の銅像に貼られた「尋ね人」の紙(01 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Notices of missing persons on the statue of Saigō Takamori, Ueno Park, Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
上野広小路から上野公園方面を望む(02 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: View from Ueno Hirokōji toward Ueno Park (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
日本橋から神田方面を望む(03 of100)
Open Image Modal
View from Nihonbashi toward Kanda\n (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
地震で崩壊した箱根登山鉄道の線路(04 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Picture of damage to train tracks at Hakone (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
崩壊した浅草十二階(凌雲閣)(05 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Superimposed image of mother and child in front of the ruined 12 storey tower of Asakus (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
銀座(06 of100)
Open Image Modal
A scene on the Ginza: horse-carts took the place of motor cars and other modern locomotion after the disaster. (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
皇居・二重橋前に集まった避難民(07 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: Crowd of refugees streaming into the open ground in front of the Nijūbashi (main entrance to the Imperial Palace). (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
皇居・馬場先門(丸ノ内)に集まる被災者(08 of100)
Open Image Modal
Crowds of refugees in the neighbourhood of Babasaki Gate (Marunouchi) (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
銀座通り。上が震災前、下が震災後(09 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Before and after picture of Ginza dōri, Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
神田須田町の万世橋。上が震災前、下が震災後(10 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Before and after pictures of Manseibashi station, Sudachō, Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
日暮里停車場に殺到した避難民(11 of100)
Open Image Modal
People attempting to leave Tokyo by train in Nippori (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
全焼した有楽町・東京電燈会社の惨状(12 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Picture of the Tokyo Dentō Company engulfed in flames, Yūrakuchō, Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
上野広小路付近(13 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Scene of destruction around Ueno Hirokōji, Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
浅草・吉原遊郭(14 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: The remains of Yoshiwara, Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
国技館(15 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: The remains of the Kokugikan (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
罹災者を乗せた列車(16 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: People attempting to leave Tokyo by train (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
9月15日、荒廃した東京を視察する摂政宮・裕仁親王(のちの昭和天皇)(17 of100)
Open Image Modal
Crown Prince Hirohito tours devastated Tokyo on 15 September, 1923 (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
震災に対する世界各国の同情。アメリカとオーストラリア。(18 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photos and Posters: Images of international sympathy from America and Australia (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
東京・中央気象台(気象庁の前身)。時計の針は地震発生時刻の11時58分を指している。(19 of100)
Open Image Modal
The clock of the Central Meteorological Observatory frozen at 11.58am, the moment the first earthquake struck eastern Japan (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
飛行機から見た隅田川の両岸。深川区周辺か(20 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Fukagawa Ward Burning as Seen from Army Reconnaissance Plane (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
燃え残った市電の車両(21 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: The burnt out remains of a tram in Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
日本橋人形町(22 of100)
Open Image Modal
The once bustling street of Ningyōchō, Nihonbashi (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
上野から下谷、浅草方面を望む(23 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: View from Ueno toward Shitaya and Asakusa (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
山本権兵衛内閣の地震後初の閣議。余震を警戒し、屋外で開かれた(24 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: The first formal meeting (outdoor) of the Yamamoto Cabinet (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
永代橋(25 of100)
Open Image Modal
Eitai-bashi Bridge burnt in the earthquake fire. (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
銀座から日本橋方面を望む(26 of100)
Open Image Modal
View from Ginza toward Nihonbashi (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
京橋から銀座・丸ノ内方面を望む(27 of100)
Open Image Modal
View from Kyōbashi toward Ginza dōri and Marunouchi (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
神田から山手方面、九段方面を望む(28 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: View from Kanda toward Yamanote and Kudan (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
芝浦ふ頭から船に乗る避難民(29 of100)
Open Image Modal
Earthquake refugees lining up to leave devastated Tokyo from Shibaura (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
隅田川近くの御蔵橋から本所、両国橋、国技館を望む(30 of100)
Open Image Modal
View from Mikurabashi toward Honjo, Ryōgoku bridge, and Kokugikan (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
銀座から築地方面を望む(31 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: View from Ginza toward Tsukiji (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
東京市神田区(32 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: The ruins of Kanda Ward (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
東京地区(33 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: Scene of destruction in Tokyo\n (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
東京地区(34 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: Scene of destruction in Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
東京府下(35 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: Scene of destruction outside of Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
人形町から深川方面を望む(36 of100)
Open Image Modal
View toward Fukagawa from Ningyōchō (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
東京市本郷区(37 of100)
Open Image Modal
Scene of destruction Hongō Ward, Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
家を失った避難民。日比谷公園(38 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
銀座通りの惨状(39 of100)
Open Image Modal
Superimposed image of woman and child crossing a devastated stree (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
日本橋・魚河岸付近(40 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: People fleeing from Nihonbashi (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
芝浦ふ頭に荷揚げされた救援物資(41 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: Earthquake relief materials arrived at Shibaura. (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
貨物列車で避難する人々(42 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: People attempting to leave the disaster zone by train (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
上野公園。避難民に救援米を配給している光景(43 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Disaster victims lining up for a handout of food in Ueno Park, Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
貨物列車で避難民を輸送(44 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Refugees transported from the disaster zone via freight train cars (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
「むしろ」を敷き、外で夜を明かす労働者(45 of100)
Open Image Modal
ostcard: Laborers spend the night sleeping outside covered by anpera (rush mats) (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
少しの雨ですぐに泥海となった本所深川方面(46 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: A downpour floods Fukagawa in late September, 1923 (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
摂政宮・裕仁親王(のちの昭和天皇)が東京市長と警視総監から状況報告を受ける。上野公園にて(47 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: Inspection tour of the Prince Regent, Hirohito, receiving reports from the Mayor of Tokyo, Chief of the Metropolitan Police Board and Home Minister, at Ueno Park.\n (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
9月15日、荒廃した東京を視察する摂政宮・裕仁親王(のちの昭和天皇)(48 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: The Prince Regent, Hirohito, tours devastated Tokyo on 15 September, 1923 (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
9月15日、荒廃した東京を視察する摂政宮・裕仁親王(のちの昭和天皇)(49 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: The Prince Regent, Hirohito, tours devastated Tokyo on 15 September 1923 (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
武装した自警団(50 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: Well armed yet ill trained vigilantes in the disaster zone (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
戒厳令下での軍の検問(51 of100)
Open Image Modal
A military check point during the period of martial law (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
仮設病院で救護を受ける罹災者(52 of100)
Open Image Modal
People receive care at a temporary municipal charity hospital in Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
食料、水などの救援物資を求める人々(53 of100)
Open Image Modal
Images of relief distribution and hungry people waiting for food and water (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
東京市が設けた職業紹介所(54 of100)
Open Image Modal
People looking for employment at a municipal employment matching agency established following the disaster (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
日比谷公園の国民学校。年少者。(55 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: An outdoor classroom used in the aftermath of the disaster (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
ラジオ塔から芝方面のバラック街を望む(56 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: View of barracks town taken from radio transmitting tower looking toward Shiba (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
東京・中央気象台(気象庁の前身)。時計の針は地震発生時刻の11時58分を指しているように見える。(57 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: The Central Meteorological Observatory in Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
大震災を物語る地割れ(58 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Cracks in the earth illustrate the power of the Great Kantō Earthquake (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
火災で延焼した市電の跡(59 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Picture of Tokyo tramcars and lines destroyed by fire (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
地震後の日本橋通り(60 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: View of Nihonbashi dōri after the earthquake (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
京橋・山下橋付近の猛火(61 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Fires approaching Kyōbashi, Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
日比谷公園付近の猛火(62 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Fires in the vicinity of Hibiya Park (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
地震で被害を受けた築地付近(63 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Earthquake damage in Tsukiji, Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
本所外出町から若宮町方面を望む(64 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Fires engulf Wakamiyachō as seen from the vantage point of Honjo Sotodemachi, Tokyo (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
隅田川にかかる吾妻橋(65 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: Smoke from the fires burning Tokyo in front of a large cumulonimbus cloud (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
「甘粕事件」の軍法会議(甘粕正彦・憲兵大尉、大杉栄ら社会主義者の殺害を問われた)(66 of100)
Open Image Modal
Trial of Amakasu Masahiko for killing Ōsugi Sakae and two other socialists after the earthquake (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
静岡県・沼津駅前(67 of100)
Open Image Modal
Postcard: Refugees in front of Numazu train station, Shizuoka Prefecture (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
荒廃した横浜(68 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: Devastation in Yokohama (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
震災直後、尋ね人のビラが貼られた東京駅警備巡査派出所(1968年解体、1972年博物館明治村に移築)(69 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:Wikimedia)
京橋の第一相互ビルヂング屋上より見た日本橋および神田方面の惨状(70 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:Wikimedia)
根府川駅から海中に転落した列車のうち、海岸に残った客車(71 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:Wikimedia)
震災直後の被服廠跡地の避難民の遺体(72 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:Wikimedia)
日暮里駅(移転前)での8620形蒸気機関車牽引の避難列車。(73 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:Wikimedia)
靖国神社に設置された仮設住宅(74 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:Wikimedia)
「相州小田原の震害地へ急行の工兵隊」と「小田原十字町の惨状」(関東大震災画報 第一輯〔しゅう〕大阪毎日新聞)(75 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:Wikimedia)
赤十字病院を慰問する貞明皇后(1923年9月15日)(76 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:Wikimedia)
(77 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:Wikimedia)
岡田紅陽撮影による、吉原遊女犠牲者の写真(78 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:Wikimedia)
横浜地区(79 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: Scene of destruction in Yokohama (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(80 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: Scene of destruction in or near Yokohama (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(81 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: Scene of destruction in or near Yokohama (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(82 of100)
Open Image Modal
Photograph: Scene of destruction in or near Yokohama (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(83 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(84 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(85 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(86 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(87 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(88 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(89 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(90 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(91 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(92 of100)
Open Image Modal
(credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(93 of100)
Open Image Modal
Scene of destruction in or near Yokohama (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(94 of100)
Open Image Modal
Scene of destruction in or near Yokohama (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(95 of100)
Open Image Modal
Scene of destruction in or near Yokohama (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(96 of100)
Open Image Modal
Scene of destruction in or near Yokohama (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(97 of100)
Open Image Modal
Scene of destruction in or near Yokohama (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(98 of100)
Open Image Modal
Scene of destruction in or near Yokohama (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(99 of100)
Open Image Modal
Scene of destruction in or near Yokohama (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)
横浜近郊と思われる(100 of100)
Open Image Modal
Scene of destruction in or near Yokohama (credit:greatkantoearthquake.com)

【※】スライドショーが表示されない場合はこちら

【関連記事】