イラク3分の1制圧「イスラム国」、恐怖支配で着々と勢力拡大

スンニ派原理主義組織「イスラム国」。当初は国際社会から軽視される存在だったが、2011年にイラクを撤退した米軍に再び軍事介入を余儀なくさせるなど、中東で強力かつ永続的な勢力になろうとしている。
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Reuters

[ベイルート 12日 ロイター] - イラクで国土の約3分の1を制圧するまで勢力を拡大したスンニ派原理主義組織「イスラム国」。当初は国際社会から軽視される存在だったが、2011年にイラクを撤退した米軍に再び軍事介入を余儀なくさせるなど、中東で強力かつ永続的な勢力になろうとしている。

「カリフ(預言者ムハンマドの後継者)が指導する国家」の樹立を宣言したイスラム国は、イラクが分裂状態に陥った隙をつき、アラブ世界の中心地で聖戦主義の拠点を築いた。イスラム国の兵士を狙った空爆でイラク情勢が好転する可能性は低い。

専門家らは、シリア東部からイラク西部を掌握しているイスラム国との戦闘には、国連安全保障理事会の決議によって組織された国際部隊の創設が必要だと指摘する。

聖戦主義を訴えるイスラム国は、忠誠を拒否すれば処刑、受け入れれば現金を与えるなどの統治手法を使って影響力を急速に拡大させており、チグリス川とユーフラテス川の間に国境を越えた「カリフ国家」建設を目指している。

組織の戦闘員たちは、アラブ社会に残る宗派間・民族間の対立を利用して地域社会を恐怖で支配し、シリア内戦に積極的に介入しようとしない欧米の姿勢にもつけ込んでいる。

ウサマ・ビンラディン容疑者が率いていた国際武装組織アルカイダと違うのは、イスラム国には、領土に関する目標があり、社会構造をつくる意志もあることだ。彼らは、オスマン帝国の領土を分割し、アラブ世界の国境を引いた1916年のサイクス・ピコ協定に対して激しい怒りを持っている。

米軍撤退から約3年が経ち、泥沼状態に陥ったイラク。オバマ米大統領はイスラム国に対する限定的空爆に踏み切ったが、その決断の背景には、シリア情勢も絡み合っている。

シリアでアサド政権と戦う反政府勢力は、スン二派が多数を占める。専門家は、反政府勢力に武器が供与されなかったことが、同じスンニ派であるイスラム国が最初にシリア国内で勢力を拡大する足がかりになったと指摘する。

オバマ政権は約1年前、化学兵器を使用した疑いのあるアサド政権に対する軍事行動を土壇場で見送った。その決断が結局、シリアと隣国イラクで多くの犠牲を生んだと指摘する声は多い。

軍事介入が見送られたことでアサド政権は息を吹き返し、スンニ派が多い反政府勢力の弾圧強化につながった。シリアとイラクのスンニ派は失望し、武装組織が求心力を高める結果を招いた。

<レバノンにも攻撃の手>

豊富な資金力で重武装したイスラム国の戦闘員たちは、過去数カ月で電撃的に勢力を拡大した。一方、イラク政府軍とクルド人治安部隊は、シーア派や少数派民族の虐殺も辞さないイスラム国の猛攻を前に腰くだけとなっている。

またイスラム国は、処刑のシーンをネット上に流したり、少数派を虐殺したりすることで、自分たちの敵対勢力には容赦なく行動するというメッセージを送っている。多くの人にとって、彼らがやっているのは、アルカイダ以上に徹底した「異教徒の抹殺」だ。

イスラム国は、シリアの国土の約35%に相当する地域を制圧。同国北部と東部を後方基地とし、今ではシリアの西に位置するレバノンにも攻撃の手を伸ばしている。

彼らの急速な進攻を可能にしているのは、内部分裂に陥ったシリアとイラクでスンニ派が疎外感を強めていることが大きい。スンニ派は、両国政府ともシーア派やその背後にいるイランに牛耳られているとみており、過激派であるイスラム国と手を組むことさえいとわなくなっているからだ。また、欧米各国の中東政策にもスンニ派は不満を募らせている。

オバマ大統領は今回の空爆について、イスラム国による大量虐殺の恐れに直面するヤジディ教徒数万人を保護する人道目的であり、米公館が置かれる北部クルド人自治区の要衝アルビルを守るためだとも説明している。

しかし、米国の真の戦略的狙いは、クルド人治安部隊「ペシュメルガ」への支援であることも透けて見える。ペシュメルガは、対シリア国境など約1000キロに及ぶ地域でイスラム国と対峙しているが、装備面では劣るために退却を余儀なくされていた。米政府はペシュメルガへの武器供与も始めた。

<対立と分断の受け皿に>

イスラム国には、武器を購入したり戦闘員らを集めたりするだけの資金力がある。今年6月にモスルなどを制圧した際には、米国がイラク政府軍に供与していた最新兵器も手に入れた。

資金源は、支持者からの寄付や略奪で得た金品だけではない。彼らは石油資源も押さえている。専門家によれば、シリア東部では油田50カ所が、イラク北部および北西部では油田20カ所が、イスラム国の掌握下にあるという。

また、イスラム国をアルカイダと同列に扱うべきではないと指摘する専門家は多い。

ロンドン・スクール・オブ・エコノミクスの中東政治学教授、ファワズ・ゲルゲス氏は、イスラム国は国家分裂で生じた空白部分を埋めており、アルカイダとは違って真の社会的基盤を構築していると指摘。

「アルカイダは国境と無関係で、社会的基盤も見当たらなかった。イスラム国を軽視できないのは、彼らが宗派対立や社会的・観念的分断の受け皿になっているようだからだ。イスラム国の台頭は、アラブ国家が崩壊している兆候に他ならない」と語った。

<サウジアラビアの懸念>

中東の大国サウジアラビアは、スンニ派のうち特にイスラム教の戒律に厳しいワッハーブ派を国教とし、フセイン政権崩壊後のイラクでシーア派中心政権が樹立するのを受け入れてこなかった。

専門家らによれば、イラクで政府軍とクルド人治安部隊を撃破しているイスラム国に対し、サウジ国内の一部では、一定の共感と称賛が生まれているという。

サウジの改革派学者モーセン・アルアワジ氏は「イスラム国のプロパガンダは、自分たちはシーア派と戦っているというもので、これが一部で共感を呼ぶ理由だ。しかし、その共感は過激主義者の間だけのものであり、実体はない」としたうえで、「われわれが非常に憂慮しているのは、このプロパガンダを信じるであろう若者たちのことだ」と述べた。

一方、多くの専門家に共通するのは、米軍による空爆で流れは変わらないという認識だ。イラクの新政権がスンニ派の不満に根本的に対処しない限り、米国が思い通りに政策を進めるのは極めて難しいとみられる。スンニ派の政権参加を認めることも必要となるだろう。

そうした対応をしない限り、イスラム国はさらに勢力を拡大することになる。

残虐な処刑行為などが報告されるイスラム国だが、独自の法と秩序で犯罪行為を抑止するなど、制圧した地域社会では一定の敬意を集めてもいる。職にあぶれた若者にとっては、イスラム国から受け取る現金は数少ない収入源の1つでもある。

イスラム国は、若い層に自分たちの理念を植え付けることに注力しているように見える。あるビデオでは、カリフ国家に参加するためベルギーから来たという一組の親子を取り上げている。

ビデオの中で親は8歳になる息子に、家に帰りたいかとたずねる。「イスラム国に残りたい。欧州の異教徒たちと戦う聖戦の戦士になりたい」。これが少年の答えだった。

少年たちを集めたイスラム国の訓練キャンプでは、教官の1人がカメラに向かってこう語った。「ここにいるのはカリフ世代の子供たちだ。米国とその仲間たち、背教者や異教徒と戦うことになる世代だ。彼らには本物のイデオロギーが植え付けられている」。

(原文:Samia Nakhoul、翻訳:宮井伸明、編集:伊藤典子)

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Displaced Iraqis from the Yazidi community cross the Syrian-Iraqi border along the Fishkhabur bridge over the Tigris River at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(27 of61)
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A displaced Iraqi child from the Yazidi community rests after crossing the Syrian-Iraqi border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(28 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on Mount Sinjar in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(29 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(30 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(31 of61)
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Displaced Iraqis from the Yazidi community cross the Syrian-Iraqi border along the Fishkhabur bridge over the Tigris River at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(32 of61)
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A displaced Iraqi from the Yazidi community rests after crossing the Syrian-Iraqi border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(33 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community rest after crossing the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on Mount Sinjar in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(34 of61)
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A displaced Iraqi mother from the Yazidi community carries her baby to safety as after crossing the Syrian-Iraqi border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(35 of61)
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Displaced Iraqis from the Yazidi community rest after crossing the Syrian-Iraqi border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(36 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-RELIEF-DEMO(37 of61)
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Cars drive past burning tires after displaced Iraqi Yazidis, who fled a jihadist onslaught on Sinjar, demonstrated demanding more aid at the Bajid Kandala camp in Kurdistan\'s western Dohuk province, on August 13, 2014. Time was running out for starving Yazidis trapped on an Iraqi mountain as the West ramped up efforts to assist survivors and arm Kurdish forces battling jihadists. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(38 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community rest after crossing the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 13, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDI(39 of61)
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An Iraqi woman from the Yazidi community isits near her baby in a building under construction used as shelter after their fled their hometown of Sinjar which was attacked by Sunni militants from the Islamic state (IS), on August 12, 2014 in Dohuk, the Kurdish region of autonomous Kurdistan in Iraq. Thousands of members of the Yazidi minority are trapped on the mountain in northwestern Iraq with little food or water by jihadists from the Islamic State (IS) group who overran the region. The UN refuge agency put the number of people on the mountain at 20,000-30,000, while UN minority rights expert Rita Izsak warned they face \'a mass atrocity and potential genocide within days or hours.\' AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-SYRIA-UNREST-YAZIDI-DISPLACED(40 of61)
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Peshmerga forces hand out water bottles and show the way to displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community as they cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 11, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-SYRIA-UNREST-YAZIDI-DISPLACED(41 of61)
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Peshmerga forces hand out water bottles to displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community as they cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 11, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-SYRIA-UNREST-YAZIDI-DISPLACED(42 of61)
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Displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 11, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDI(43 of61)
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An Iraqi woman from the Yazidi community prepares dinner for her children in a building under construction used as shelter after their fled their hometown of Sinjar which was attacked by Sunni militants from the Islamic state (IS), on August 12, 2014 in Dohuk, the Kurdish region of autonomous Kurdistan in Iraq. Thousands of members of the Yazidi minority are trapped on the mountain in northwestern Iraq with little food or water by jihadists from the Islamic State (IS) group who overran the region. The UN refuge agency put the number of people on the mountain at 20,000-30,000, while UN minority rights expert Rita Izsak warned they face \'a mass atrocity and potential genocide within days or hours.\' AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-SYRIA-UNREST-YAZIDI-DISPLACED(44 of61)
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Peshmerga forces hand out water bottles to displaced Iraqi families from the Yazidi community as they cross the Iraqi-Syrian border at the Fishkhabur crossing, in northern Iraq, on August 11, 2014. At least 20,000 civilians, most of whom are from the Yazidi community, who had been besieged by jihadists on a mountain in northern Iraq have safely escaped to Syria and been escorted by Kurdish forces back into Iraq, officials said. The breakthrough coincided with US air raids on Islamic State fighters in the Sinjar area of northwestern Iraq on August 9, and Kurdish forces from Iraq, Syria and Turkey working together to break the siege of Mount Sinjar and rescue the displaced. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-KURDS(45 of61)
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An Iraqi Yazidi fighter stands guard outside a shrine on August 10, 2014 in Sheikhan, northeast of the city of Mosul in northern Iraq and near the Kurdish city of Dohuk where Yazidis found refuge. Thousands of Yazidis, a Kurdish-speaking minority following an ancient faith rooted in Zoroastrianism, fled their homes a week ago when Islamic State (IS) militants attacked the town of Sinjar. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-KURDS(46 of61)
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A picture taken on August 10, 2014 shows Yazidi Iraqi fighters walking past the grave of a child who died of malnutrition at a cemetery in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region, where Yazidi families took refuge after they fled the Mount Sinjar area. Thousands of Yazidis, a Kurdish-speaking minority following an ancient faith rooted in Zoroastrianism, fled their homes a week ago when Islamic State (IS) militants attacked the town of Sinjar. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-KURDS(47 of61)
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Iraqi Yazidis, who fled their homes a week ago when Islamic State (IS) militants attacked the town of Sinjar, gather at a makeshift shelter on August 10, 2014 in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region. \'The Kurdish peshmerga forces have succeeded in making 30,000 Yazidis who fled Mount Sinjar, most of them women and children, cross into Syria and return to Kurdistan,\' said Shawkat Barbahari, a Kurdhish official who is in charge of the Fishkhabur crossing with Syria. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-KURDS(48 of61)
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A child sleeps as Iraqi Yazidis, who fled their homes a week ago when Islamic State (IS) militants attacked the town of Sinjar, sit in a building where they found refuge on August 10, 2014 in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region. \'The Kurdish peshmerga forces have succeeded in making 30,000 Yazidis who fled Mount Sinjar, most of them women and children, cross into Syria and return to Kurdistan,\' said Shawkat Barbahari, a Kurdhish official who is in charge of the Fishkhabur crossing with Syria. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-KURDS(49 of61)
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Iraqi Yazidis, who fled their homes a week ago when Islamic State (IS) militants attacked the town of Sinjar, gather inside a building under construction where they found refuge on August 10, 2014 in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region. \'The Kurdish peshmerga forces have succeeded in making 30,000 Yazidis who fled Mount Sinjar, most of them women and children, cross into Syria and return to Kurdistan,\' said Shawkat Barbahari, a Kurdhish official who is in charge of the Fishkhabur crossing with Syria. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS-KURDS(50 of61)
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Iraqi Yazidis, who fled their homes a week ago when Islamic State (IS) militants attacked the town of Sinjar, gather inside a building under construction where they found refuge on August 10, 2014 in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region. \'The Kurdish peshmerga forces have succeeded in making 30,000 Yazidis who fled Mount Sinjar, most of them women and children, cross into Syria and return to Kurdistan,\' said Shawkat Barbahari, a Kurdhish official who is in charge of the Fishkhabur crossing with Syria. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(51 of61)
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Iraqi Yazidi women who fled the violence in the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, sit at a school where they are taking shelter in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region, on August 5, 2014. Islamic State (IS) Sunni jihadists ousted the Peshmerga troops of Iraq\'s Kurdish government from the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, forcing thousands of people from their homes. The Yazidis, are a small community that follows a 4,000-year-old faith and have been repeatedly targeted by jihadists who call them \'devil-worshipers\' because of their unique beliefs and practices. AFP PHOTO/SAFIN HAMED (Photo credit should read SAFIN HAMED/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAFIN HAMED via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(52 of61)
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An Iraqi Yazidi family that fled the violence in the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, sit at at a school where they are taking shelter in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region, on August 5, 2014. Islamic State (IS) Sunni jihadists ousted the Peshmerga troops of Iraq\'s Kurdish government from the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, forcing thousands of people from their homes. The Yazidis, are a small community that follows a 4,000-year-old faith and have been repeatedly targeted by jihadists who call them \'devil-worshipers\' because of their unique beliefs and practices. AFP PHOTO/SAFIN HAMED (Photo credit should read SAFIN HAMED/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAFIN HAMED via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(53 of61)
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Iraqi Yazidis who fled the violence in the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, wait at a school where they are taking shelter in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region, on August 5, 2014. Islamic State (IS) Sunni jihadists ousted the Peshmerga troops of Iraq\'s Kurdish government from the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, forcing thousands of people from their homes. The Yazidis, are a small community that follows a 4,000-year-old faith and have been repeatedly targeted by jihadists who call them \'devil-worshipers\' because of their unique beliefs and practices. AFP PHOTO/SAFIN HAMED (Photo credit should read SAFIN HAMED/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAFIN HAMED via Getty Images)
IRAQ-UNREST-YAZIDIS(54 of61)
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An Iraqi Yazidi girl who fled with her family the violence in the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, stands at at a school where they are taking shelter in the Kurdish city of Dohuk in Iraq\'s autonomous Kurdistan region, on August 5, 2014. Islamic State (IS) Sunni jihadists ousted the Peshmerga troops of Iraq\'s Kurdish government from the northern Iraqi town of Sinjar, forcing thousands of people from their homes. The Yazidis, are a small community that follows a 4,000-year-old faith and have been repeatedly targeted by jihadists who call them \'devil-worshipers\' because of their unique beliefs and practices. AFP PHOTO/SAFIN HAMED (Photo credit should read SAFIN HAMED/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SAFIN HAMED via Getty Images)
IRAQ-CONFLICT(55 of61)
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An Iraqi Turkman Shiite child displaced from the northern Iraqi area of Tal Afar takes shelter in a school in Sadr City, one of Baghdad\'s northern Shiite-majority districts, on August 5, 2014 after fleeing fighting between the Islamic State (IS) militants and Kurdish forces in both Tal Afar and later in Sinjar. Baghdad\'s air force and Kurdish fighters from Syria joined forces with Iraq\'s embattled peshmerga to push back jihadists whose latest attacks sent thousands of civilians running for their lives. AFP PHOTO/AHMAD AL-RUBAYE (Photo credit should read AHMAD AL-RUBAYE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:AHMAD AL-RUBAYE via Getty Images)
Doctors treat Iraqi boys lying on a hosp(56 of61)
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SINJAR, Iraq: Doctors treat Iraqi boys lying on a hospital bed in the town of Sinjar 08 July 2006 after being wounded in a car bomb attack agaisnt a Shiite mosque in the Iraqi town of Tal-al-Banat the day before. At least seven people were killed and 46 wounded in a car bombing at a mosque in northwestern Iraq in the village of Tal al-Banat near the town of Sinjar, west of the main northern city of Mosul. AFP PHOTO/MUJAHED MOHAMMED ... (Photo credit should read MUJAHED MOHAMMED/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MUJAHED MOHAMMED via Getty Images)
A man walks in the rubble of a mosque in(57 of61)
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TAL-AL-BANAT, Iraq: A man walks in the rubble of a mosque in the Iraqi town of Tal-al-Banat late 07 July 2006. At least seven people were killed and 46 wounded in a car bombing at a mosque in northwestern Iraq in the village of Tal al-Banat near the town of Sinjar, west of the main northern city of Mosul. AFP PHOTO/MUJAHED MOHAMMED (Photo credit should read MUJAHED MOHAMMED/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MUJAHED MOHAMMED via Getty Images)
Charity For Orphaned Iraqi Children(58 of61)
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NOTHERN IRAQ - DECEMBER 1: An orphaned Iraqi boy holds a packet of cheese spread given to him by a 101st Airborne Division soldier December 1, 2003 in Northern Iraq. Orphaned children such as these affected Spc. David McCorkle of the 318th Tactical Psychological Operations Company to the point where he took the steps in forming American Aid for Children of Nineveh Iraq, a humantiarian assistance corporation set to keep these children off the streets and in classrooms. (Photo by Chris Jones/U.S. Army via Getty Images) (credit:U.S. Army via Getty Images)
Iraqi Border With Syria Guarded By Iraqi Border Patrol(59 of61)
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IRAQ/SYRIA BORDER, IRAQ - OCTOBER 31: An Iraqi border guard stands on the berm separating Iraq from Syria October 31, 2003 just west of Sinjar, Iraq. U.S. president George W. Bush said recently \'We are working closely [with Syria and Iran] to let them know we expect them to enforce borders to stop people coming across.\' The commander of the 101s t Airborne Rakkasan 1-87, Lieutenant Colonel Hank Arnold, responsible for 70 miles of the porous border says they have not seen any fighters crossing the border contrary to what President Bush says.(Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images) (credit:Joe Raedle via Getty Images)
Iraqi Border With Syria Guarded By Iraqi Border Patrol(60 of61)
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IRAQ/SYRIA BORDER, IRAQ - OCTOBER 31: Iraqi border guards look into Syria as they stand on the berm separating Iraq from Syria October 31, 2003 just west of Sinjar, Iraq. U.S. president George W. Bush said recently \'We are working closely [with Syria and Iran] to let them know we expect them to enforce borders to stop people coming across.\' The commander of the 101s t Airborne Rakkasan 1-87, Lieutenant Colonel Hank Arnold, responsible for 70 miles of the porous border says they have not seen any fighters crossing the border contrary to what President Bush says.(Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images) (credit:Joe Raedle via Getty Images)
U.S. Soldiers Celebrate Halloween With Donkey Race.(61 of61)
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SINJAR, IRAQ - OCTOBER 31: U.S. Army Lieutenant Colonel Hank Arnold (L) and Major Scott Vezeau from the 101st Airborne Rakkasans regiment take time out on Halloween day for a donkey race October 31, 2003 at the American base in Sinjar, Iraq. The soldiers have been deployed in the northwestern region of the country since March 2003. (Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images) (credit:Joe Raedle via Getty Images)