北朝鮮は1975年にも韓国侵攻を狙っていた。歴史学者が未公開資料から分析

中国の毛沢東主席と、北朝鮮の金日成主席の具体的なやりとりから分析した。
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1975年4月、金日成・北朝鮮主席(右)を出迎える毛沢東・中国主席

北朝鮮が1975年に、武力による韓国侵攻を企図したが、中国が取り合わなかったとの見方を、中国の学者が未公開資料をもとに分析した。

毎日新聞によると、中国・華東師範大学の沈志華教授は、1975年4月18日に北京で会談した中国の毛沢東主席と、北朝鮮の金日成主席の具体的なやりとりを入手した。

会談のあった頃、ベトナム戦争は社会主義陣営の北ベトナムの勝利が確実視され、4月30日には南ベトナムの首都サイゴンが陥落した。カンボジアではポル・ポトらカンボジア共産党を母体とする極左武装勢力クメール・ルージュが、会談前日の4月17日に首都プノンペンを占領した。

金主席は「彼ら(ベトナムとカンボジア)の勝利は我々の勝利と同じようなものです」と称賛し、続けて、朝鮮半島でも同様に武力統一を図りたいとの考えを毛主席に持ち出そうとした。ほかにも「我々の共通の勝利」との表現を使い、話題を武力統一に移そうとした。しかし、いずれの場面でも毛主席は話をそらし、会談終盤では「政治の話はもうしない」と述べ、約30分間の会談を終えた。

北朝鮮:「南北、武力統一を」金日成主席、訪中時に意欲 - 毎日新聞より 2016年9月1日 07時20分)

同じ会談内容を報じた朝日新聞デジタルによると、毛主席は「神様からお酒を飲みに誘われた」と話してけむに巻いたという。翌1976年に毛主席が死去し、これが2人の最後の会談となった。

北朝鮮は1950年6月25日、武力統一を目指して韓国に侵攻したが、アメリカや中国などが介入した朝鮮戦争は1953年に休戦した。沈教授の説によれば、北朝鮮は20年以上経過した後も、武力統一の狙いを捨てていなかった。しかし毛主席は金主席の意図を明確に理解した上で、あえて発言の機会を与えなかったとみる。「朝鮮戦争で共通の利益を持って米国と戦ったときはよかったが、中国がソ連と対立し、米中関係を好転させると、問題が生じてきた。中韓の国交樹立も経て、もう特殊性はなくなっている」と、両国間の盟友関係が必ずしも盤石でないとも解説している

中国からみると、1971年にアメリカのキッシンジャー国務長官が訪中し、当時国交のなかったアメリカと中国は関係改善の動きを進めていた。和田春樹・東大名誉教授は著書『歴史としての社会主義』(岩波新書)で、以下のように総括している。

米中和解とベトナムの勝利によって、1949年以来の中国を中心とする民族革命とアメリカ帝国の対決状態が終った。これはアジアにおける世界戦争の終りであり(中略)中国は第三世界の共産主義運動の支援を停止し、革命の中心ではなくなった。

中国が北朝鮮の武力侵攻に同意しなかったことは、国際情勢の変化で、北朝鮮を支援する必要性が薄れたからとみることもできる。

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