固定型住宅ローン契約が急増、アベノミクスによる金利先高観で【争点:アベノミクス】

金利先高観を背景に、住宅ローンを固定金利で借りる契約者の割合が急増している。アベノミクス効果で脱デフレの機運が高まり、大手行が5月から住宅ローン金利を引き上げたことが拍車をかけた…
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Open Image Modal

金利先高観を背景に、住宅ローンを固定金利で借りる契約者の割合が急増している。アベノミクス効果で脱デフレの機運が高まり、大手行が5月から住宅ローン金利を引き上げたことが拍車をかけた。

しかし、日銀の大規模緩和後に国債市場が乱高下して、ローン金利の水準に不透明感が増し、契約者が借り入れを見合わせるとの懸念も出始めた。競争激化によって住宅ローンの利ざやは低下傾向にあるが、銀行にとって貸出増を達成するための有力な商品であり、長期金利の乱高下が経営に与える影響も無視できない。

<住宅ローンの現場で流れが急変>

脱デフレを掲げる安倍晋三政権の発足後、住宅ローンの営業の現場では今年に入り固定金利の契約者数が急増した。各行ごとに差はあるが、それまでは全体の約9割の契約者が変動型を選択していた。

たとえば三井住友信託銀行では、変動型の最優遇金利を2年半前から過去最低の年0.775%に据え置いているにもかかわらず、固定型の割合は前年同期の5%未満から今年4月には全体の3割、5月には4割を超えた。

ローン業務推進部の野田典志・主任調査役は「金利上昇を気にする顧客が多く、固定を選択する人が増えている」と話す。

長期金利の上昇を受け、固定型の住宅ローン金利が引き上げられたことも、利用者の固定選択の背中を押したようだ。

みずほ銀行など大手行は、10年ものの最優遇金利を4月の1.35%から5月は1.40%、6月に1.60%に引き上げた。

みずほ銀行でも、三井住友信託のように固定金利を選ぶ割合が増え、全体の約3割になっている。

<住宅ローンの実行額も増加傾向>

固定の割合が高くなっているだけではなく、住宅ローンの実行額も増えている。みずほ銀行ローン業務開発部の西本翔・調査役は「年初来、実行額も昨年同期比で2─3割増えた。計画より上振れている」と指摘する。

民間の不動産経済研究所が17日に発表したマンション市場動向によると、5月の首都圏マンション発売戸数は前年比49%増の4967戸となり、5月としてはリーマンショック前の2007年以来の高水準だった。

同研究所は、大型物件や注目物件の供給が相次いだことに加え、長期金利の上昇を背景とした住宅ローン金利の先高観の強まりが「大きな影響を与えている」とみている。

固定ローンの金利が上昇したとはいえ、歴史的にみればまだ低水準。このため、住宅という大きな買い物で今のうちに元利金を確定してしまいたいと思う契約者が多い、と各行の関係者も口をそろえる。

<長期金利の乱高下、冷や水に>

一方、日銀の大規模緩和で円債市場の価格変動が激しくなり、好調な住宅ローン市場に冷や水を浴びせると危惧する声も出ている。

固定金利は毎月、それぞれの期間の国債金利やスワップレートの水準などを反映して設定されるが、国債市場の動き次第では今後、ローン金利が再び下がる可能性もゼロではないためだ。

ある大手行の住宅ローン担当者は「今月はまだどうなるか読めない。最近の金利の上がり方が急激だっただけに、顧客は様子みるかもしれない」と、常にマーケットと背中合わせで営業する難しさをにじませていた。

(浦中 大我 編集;田巻 一彦)

[東京 19日 ロイター]

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