CI / Stuart V Nielsen
南アメリカ最小の独立国「スリナム」にある熱帯雨林で、新種と見られる60種類もの生物が発見された。国際的な環境保護団体「コンサベーション・インターナショナル」（CI）の科学者チームの生態系調査で明らかになった。
今回発見された新種の中には、チョコレート色をした木登りが特異なカエルや、ルビー色をした2mmほどしかないフンコロガシなどが含まれている。CIの発表によると、調査隊のリアンヌ・アロンソ博士は、「私は世界中で遠征を行ってきましたが、これほどまでに美しく、純粋な、手つかずの森林を見たことはありませんでした」と話している。
南米スリナムで新種発見
【新種】小型のリリプーティアンビートル(01 of34)
小型のリリプーティアンビートル(Canthidium cf. minimum)は、とても小さなルビー色のフンコロガシで、体長はほんの2.3mmほどです。おそらくギアナ楯状地における最も小さなフンコロガシ、南アメリカでは二番目に小さなものと考えられます。枝角上のアンテナにより鋭い嗅覚を持っています。「フンコロガシは健全な生態系の維持には欠かせない生態系上の役割を担っています。糞を埋めることにより、寄生虫や病気をコントロールし、種子を拡散し、栄養分をリサイクルして植物の成長を促進するのです」とLarsen博士は言います。 (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
【新種】ヘッドアンドテールライトテトラ(02 of34)
新種のヘッドアンドテールライトテトラ(Hemingrammus aff. ocellifer) は水族館マニアの皆さんには特に歓迎される魚に非常に良く似ています。調査サイトでは、魚類は非常に多種多様で固体数も多く、地域住民にとっての食糧源として貴重な大型のものも多く見られました。南東スリナムの上流の源流地域は、スリナム全土の人々が依存する回遊魚の重要な産卵場にもなっているものと考えられます。 (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
【新種】ココアガエル(03 of34)
ココアガエル(Hypsiboas sp.)は滑らかなチョコレート色のカエルで、木の上に住み、指先や足先に見られる丸い円盤を使って上手に木に登ります。「他の両生類と同様、半透性の皮膚により、特に淡水の環境変化に大変敏感です。過去30年ほどの間に100種以上のカエル類が絶滅したと推定される中、この新種の発見は格別喜ばしい限りです」とLarsen博士は言いました。 (credit:CI / Stuart V Nielsen)
【新種】ココアガエル(04 of34)
ココアガエル(Hypsiboas sp.)は滑らかなチョコレート色のカエルで、木の上に住み、指先や足先に見られる丸い円盤を使って上手に木に登ります。「他の両生類と同様、半透性の皮膚により、特に淡水の環境変化に大変敏感です。過去30年ほどの間に100種以上のカエル類が絶滅したと推定される中、この新種の発見は格別喜ばしい限りです」とLarsen博士は言いました。 (credit:CI / Piotr Naskrecki)
【新種】ヤドクガエル(05 of34)
このカエルはヤドクガエルの仲間だが、同じ場所で見つけた類似種とは違って珍しい色の背中を持つ新種かもしれない。ヤドクガエルは強力な毒を分泌することでよく知られている。 (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
新種のキリギリス(06 of34)
このキリギリスの仲間はとても奇妙で、全く新しい種類だ。鋭い棘に覆われた不自然なほど細長い脚は天敵を阻止するのに役立つ。多くのキリギリスは生息地を妨害されることに敏感なため、この昆虫が今回の調査で見つかったことはその場所が手つかずの地であることを示している。 (credit:CI / Piotr Naskrecki)
新種のゲンゴロウ(07 of34)
NEW SPECIES: This water beetle not only represents a new species, but also a new genus to science. This species was found living in water seepages on granite mountaintops, and may occur only in southeastern Suriname. The RAP team also found 25 other water beetle species on the expedition that are new to science. Many of the water beetles found by the team are indicative of the unusually high freshwater quality in the region. (credit:CI / Andrew Short)
新種のアマガエル(08 of34)
このカエルはスリナム遠征調査の間に学者達が見つけた新種6種のうちの1種。 (credit:CI / Stuart V Nielsen)
新種のナマズ(09 of34)
NEW SPECIES: this interesting catfish species (Parotocinclus sp.), which is potentially new to science, was collected in a tributary of he Upper Palumeu River. It has an unusual pigmentation pattern, similar to Microglanis catfish. (credit:CI / Sandra J. Raredon)
南東スリナムの熱帯雨林(10 of34)
The mountains and extensive intact forests of Southeastern Suriname are often shrouded in clouds, and it is one of the wettest areas of the country. The headwaters here provide an important source of freshwater used by more than 50,000 people downstream. These remote forests are unmarred by roads and other forms of deforestation (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
カシカシマ山(11 of34)
View into the lowlands from an outlook of Kasikasima, a unique granitic mountain formation that rises over 700 m above the rainforest. RAP scientists found several unusual and unique species on this mountain, including water beetle species new to science. A trail climbing one side of the mountain provides an opportunity for adventurous ecotourists to immerse themselves in nature, while also providing a sustainable source of income to the local community. (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
カシカシマ山の近くにある滝(12 of34)
A waterfall near the base of Kasikasima Mountain. The riparian zone along the region’s numerous streams and rivers provides important habitat for an enormous diversity of terrestrial and aquatic species. (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
スリナムでは水は貴重な資源(13 of34)
Water is a precious resource in Suriname, providing many of the goods and services people throughout the country depend upon. Here, a local fisherman - and one of the team’s invaluable guides - leaps through the rapids with his makeshift fishing pole.\n (credit:CI / Brian O\'Shea)
The purpleheart tree(14 of34)
The purpleheart tree (Peltogyne venosa) forms massive buttress roots which provide support, especially during extreme storms and flooding events. Purpleheart trees contain among the most dense, hard wood of any tree species in the world, and its presence indicates an absence of logging in the area. Trond Larsen, Director of CI’s Rapid Assessment Program, is pictured here in the embrace of the giant tree. (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
(15 of34)
A RAP scientist, Andrew Short, collects several water beetles on top of a granite rock in the Grensgebergte Mountains. This previously unexplored site contained many species new to science, as well as new and unusual records for Suriname. With its steep, rugged slopes, the only way to access this mountaintop was by landing a helicopter on a small, precarious patch of rock.\n (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
(16 of34)
Unusually strong and long-lasting rain caused the Upper Palumeu River to flood its banks, completely inundating our camp and forcing the team to move sooner than planned. Here, RAP Director Trond Larsen stands in the middle of the formerly dry camp.\n (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
(17 of34)
As the team hastily packed up the flooded camp, they were forced to travel in boats along the same trails in the forest which they had previously used to hike! By this time, the water in many places in the forest was already above their heads. (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
(18 of34)
In order to set up a base camp, a team of local villagers had to made their way upriver for several days, often carrying boats through the forest around rapids, cutting trails, and constructing tents for sleeping hammocks, a kitchen, and a dining area. Pictured here is the research tent, where scientists processed and analyzed their specimens. A generator helped researchers optimize their time in the field by working late into the night. (credit:CI / Andrew Short)
(19 of34)
The RAP team included 16 expert scientists, who collected data on water quality, plants, and several groups of animals. Here, Piotr Naskrecki photographs one of the six katydid species from the expedition probably new to science. High quality imagery is an important tool for identifying species, but is also useful for education and outreach.\n (credit:CI / Brian O\'Shea)
スリナムの地図(20 of34)
Suriname is located in the Guiana Shield, a vast wilderness covering over 2.2 million square kilometers in South America and containing over 25% of the world\'s rainforest. Southeastern Suriname provides an important biological corridor linking the Central Suriname Nature Reserve with adjacent protected areas and indigenous lands in neighboring countries, enabling the movement of plants and animals that is essential for their long-term persistence. (credit:Conservation International)
RAPの地図(21 of34)
Map of RAP survey route and camp sites. Color indicates topography (orange/red high); diagonal lines across rivers indicate rapids (many of which required porting boats through the forest). (credit:CI / Map by Priscilla Miranda)
ラン科の植物【新種ではない】(22 of34)
NOT NEW SPECIES: This orchid, (Phragmipedium lindleyanum), is one of several rare and beautiful orchid species found on a mountaintop of the previously unexplored Grensgebergte Mountains. Many rare species occur on these distinctive granite outcroppings in Suriname. Species such as this that occur on mountaintops are highly vulnerable to climate change, since they are unable to migrate upslope in response to warming temperatures.\n (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
ヤドクガエルを捕食するクモ【新種ではない】(23 of34)
NOT NEW SPECIES: One of the joys of working in diverse tropical forests is that you never know what you will find, especially if you take a walk at night. Here, in an extremely rare event, a large wolf spider eats a toxic poison-dart frog (Amereega trivitatta) (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
ニセサンゴヘビ【新種ではない】(24 of34)
NOT NEW SPECIES: The bright colors of the false coral snake (Erythrolamprus aesculpi) lend it protection from predators, even though it lacks the deadly venom of the true coral snake. This is one of the 19 snake species encountered on the expedition, which included a true coral snake, a deadly fer-de-lance viper, and a species (Pseudoboa sp.) potentially new to science.\n (credit:CI / Piotr Naskrecki)
【新種ではない】コツノニジダイコクの一種(25 of34)
NOT NEW SPECIES: Coprophanaeus lancifer is the largest of all South American dung beetles. Despite its name, this species feeds more frequently on carrion (dead animals) than on dung. A highly unusual case in the Animal Kingdom, both males and females of this species possess a long horn on their head, which they use during intense battles with other individuals of the same sex. The vast difference in adult body size seen here is primarily determined by how much food was available to the developing larva. This species is capable of rapidly burying large animal carcasses, providing an important ecological service that sustains rain forest health.\n (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
【新種ではない】スリナム南東部の生態系調査で捕獲されたヒラバナフルーツコウモリ(26 of34)
NOT NEW SPECIES: The Larger Fruit-eating Bat (Artibeus planirostris) was the most abundant bat during the survey. With their sharp teeth, they are capable of grabbing and eating large fruits. Using numerous transects of finely-meshed mist nets stretched through the forest, scientists discovered 28 bat species on the expedition. (credit:CI / Burton Lim)
【新種ではない】オポッサム(27 of34)
NOT NEW SPECIES: The Delicate Slender Opossum (Marmosops parvidens) is an arboreal species which eats insects and fruit. This species is indicative of pristine, primary forests, and is one of the 39 species of small mammals (rats, bats, opossums) discovered on the expedition. Many small mammal species are important for dispersing seeds and ensuring forest regeneration. (credit:CI / Piotr Naskrecki)
【新種ではない】ウンカの一種(28 of34)
NOT NEW SPECIES: Many planthopper species exude waxy secretions from the abdomen, and these sometimes form long strands, such as can be seen in this photo. The long waxy strands may provide protection from predators - it could be that they fool a predator into attacking the wrong part of the insect, and the wax breaks off while the insect jumps to safety. The juvenile planthopper in this photo is only about 5 mm long, and was exceedingly difficult to photograph! (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
【新種ではない】アリの一種(29 of34)
NOT NEW SPECIES: Ants are important scavengers, and can be seen here (Camponotus sp.) eating a dead insect. This represents just one of the 149 ant species observed on the expedition, with many more still to be found.\n (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
【新種ではない】マーゲイ(30 of34)
NOT NEW SPECIES: While not rare, small wild cats such as this margay (Leopardus wiedii) are extremely shy and difficult to observe directly. The bird experts spotted this cat just before dawn on the overhanging branch of a tree and were able to observe it only four meters away for two or three minutes before it nimbly leapt away. Unlike most cats, the margay is adapted to a life in the trees, where it hunts birds, rodents and even monkeys. (credit:CI / Brian O\'Shea)
【新種ではない】マーゲイ(31 of34)
NOT NEW SPECIES: Because many mammals are so elusive and difficult to observe in the forest, scientists use automated camera traps installed in the forest to record them. Here, a margay curiously inspects one of the camera traps. The cameras use an infrared sensor to detect passing animals, triggering the camera to take a photograph. Out of the 24 large mammal species encountered on the expedition, many were detected only by using camera traps, including the puma. (credit:Conservation International)
【新種ではない】キリギリスの一種(32 of34)
NOT NEW SPECIES: While most katydids are herbivorous and feed on leaves, this species (Copiphora longicauda) uses its powerful, sharp mandibles to prey upon insects and other invertebrates. It is a member of the aptly named group of conehead katydids.\n (credit:CI / Piotr Naskrecki)
【新種ではない】アマガエルの一種(33 of34)
NOT NEW SPECIES: A tree frog (Hypsiboas geographicus) clings to a branch in the lowland forest near Kasikasima. It represents one of the astounding 46 frog species found during the expedition, including six frog species potentially new to science (credit:CI / Trond Larsen)
【新種ではない】半水棲のトカゲ(34 of34)
NOT NEW SPECIES: Neusticurus bicarinatus is a semi-aquatic lizard found in small pools and streams in the area, and is an excellent underwater swimmer. It is just one of the 21 lizard species found by scientists during the survey. (credit:CI / Stuart V Nielsen)
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最も絶滅が危惧される生物100種
(01 of94)
Scientific Name:Diceros sumatrensis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Sumatran rhino\r\n\r\nCategory: Rhino\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 250 individuals \r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Hunting for horn -used in traditional medicine (credit:Save the Rhino International)
(02 of94)
Scientific Name:Eleutherodactylus thorectes\n\nCommon Name: Macaya Breast-Spot Frog\n\nCategory: Frog\n\nPopulation: Unknown\n\nThreats To Survival: Habitat destruction due to charcoal production and slash-and-burn agriculture\n\nCredit: Robin Moore (credit:Robin Moore, www.robindmoore.com)
(03 of94)
Scientific Name:Scaturiginichthys vermeilipinnis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Red-Finned Blue Eye\r\n\r\nCategory: Freshwater Fish\r\n\r\nPopulation: 2,000 - 4,000 Individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Predation by introduced species (credit:Adam Kerezsy)
(04 of94)
Scientific Name:Rafetus Swinhoei\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Red River Giant Softshell Turtle\r\n\r\nCategory: Turtle\r\n\r\nPopulation: 4 known individuals \r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Hunting for consumption and habitat destruction and degradation as a result of wetland destruction and pollution (credit:Tim McCormack)
(05 of94)
Scientific Name:Neurergus kaiseri\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Luristan newt\r\n\r\nCategory: Newt\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 1000 mature individuals \r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Illegal collection for pet trade (credit:R D Bartlett)
List Provided By Zoological Society Of London/ International Union For Conservation Of Nature(06 of94)
Scientific Name:Poecilotheria metallica\n\nCommon Name: Peacock Parachute Spider\n\nCategory: Spider\n\nPopulation: Unknown\n\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss and degradation as a result of deforestation, firewood collection and civil unrest (credit:Sanjay Molur_WILD_ZOO)
(07 of94)
Scientific Name:Atelopus balios\n\nCommon Name: Rio Pescado Stubfoot Toad\n\nCategory: Toad\n\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\n\nThreats To Survival: Chytridiomycosis and habitat destruction due to logging and agricultural expansion (credit:Eduardo Toral-Contreras)
(08 of94)
Scientific Name:Johora Singaporensis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Singapore Freshwater Crab\r\n\r\nCategory: Crab\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat degradation - reduction in water quality and quantity (credit:Tan Heok Hui)
(09 of94)
Scientific Name:Abies beshanzuensis\n\nCommon Name: Baishan Fir\n\nCategory: Conifer\n\nPopulation: 5 mature individuals\n\nThreats To Survival: Agricultural expansion and fire (credit:MediaWiki: )
(10 of94)
Scientific Name:Actinote zikani \r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Butterfly\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown, one population remaining\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat degradation due to pressure from human populations (credit:Andre Freitas)
(11 of94)
Scientific Name:Aipysurus foliosquama\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Leaf Scaled Sea-Snake\r\n\r\nCategory: Sea snake\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown, two subpopulations remain\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Unknown - likely degradation of coral reef habitat (credit:Vimoksalehi Lukoshek)
(12 of94)
Scientific Name:Amanipodagrion gilliesi\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Amani Flatwing\r\n\r\nCategory: Damselfly\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 500 individuals est.\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat degradation due to increasing population pressure and water pollution (credit:Viola Clausnitzer)
(13 of94)
Scientific Name:Antilophia bokermanni\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Araripe Manakin\r\n\r\nCategory: bird\r\n\r\nPopulation: 779 individuals (est 2010)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat destruction due to expansion of agriculture and recreational facilities and water diversion (credit:Ciro Albano/ www.nebrazilbirding.com)
(14 of94)
Scientific Name: Antisolabis seychellensis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Seychelles Earwig\r\n\r\nCategory: Earwig\r\n \r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Invasive species and climate change (credit:Justin Gerlach)
(15 of94)
Scientific Name: Aphanius transgrediens\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Freshwater fish\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Competition and predation by Gambusia and road construction (credit:Barbara Nicca)
(16 of94)
Scientific Name: Ardeotis nigriceps\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Great Indian Bustard\r\n\r\nCategory: Bird\r\n\r\nPopulation: 50 -249 mature individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss and modification due to agricultural development (credit:Rahul Sachdev)
(17 of94)
Scientific Name: Ardea insignis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: White Bellied Heron\r\n\r\nCategory: Bird\r\n\r\nPopulation: 70-400 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat destruction and degradation due to hydropower development (credit:MediaWiki: )
(18 of94)
Scientific Name:Astrochelus yniphora\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Ploughshare Tortoise / Angonoka\r\n\r\nCategory: Tortoise\r\n\r\nPopulation: 440-770\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Illegal collection for international pet trade (credit:Peter Paul van Dijk)
(19 of94)
Scientific Name:Aythya innotata\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Madagascar Pochard\r\n\r\nCategory: Bird\r\n\r\nPopulation: Approximately 20 mature individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat degradation due to slash-and-burn agriculture, hunting, and fishing / introduced fish (credit:Peter Cranswick)
(20 of94)
Scientific Name:Azurina eupalama\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Galapagos damsel fish\r\n\r\nCategory: Pelagic fish\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Climate Change - oceanographic changes associated with the 1982 / 1983 El Nino are presumed to be responsible for the apparent disappearance of this species from the Galapagos (credit:MediaWiki: )
(21 of94)
Scientific Name:Bahaba taipingensis\r\n \r\nCommon Name: Giant yellow croaker\r\n\r\nCategory: Pelagic fish\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Over-fishing, primarily due to value of swim-bladder for traditional medicine - cost per kilogram exceeded that of gold in 2001 (credit:willsfca, Flickr)
(22 of94)
Scientific Name:Batagur baska\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Common Batagur/ Four-toed terrapin\r\n\r\nCategory: Turtle\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Illegal export and trade from Indonesia to China (credit:MediaWiki: B kimmel)
(23 of94)
Scientific Name: Bazzania bhutanica\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Liverwort\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat degradation and destruction due to forest clearance, overgrazing and development (credit:David Long)
(24 of94)
Scientific Name:Beatragus hunteri\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Hirola\r\n\r\nCategory: Antelope\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 1000 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss and degradation, competition with livestock, poaching (credit:Tim Wacher ZSL)
(25 of94)
Scientific Name:Bombus franklinii\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Franklin\'s Bumble Bee\r\n\r\nCategory: Bee\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Disease from commercially bred bumblebees and habitat destruction and degradation (credit:Brendan White)
(26 of94)
Scientific Name: Brachyteles hypoxanthus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Northern muriqui\r\n\r\nCategory: Primate\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 1,000 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss and fragmentation due to large-scale deforestation and selective logging (credit:Andew Young)
(27 of94)
Scientific Name:Bradypus pygmaeus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Pygmy sloth\r\n\r\nCategory: Sloth\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 500 individuals \r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss due to illegal logging of mangrove forests for firewood and construction and hunting of the sloths (credit:Craig Turner ZSL)
(28 of94)
Scientific Name:Callitriche pulchra\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Freshwater plant\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Exploitation of the species\' habitat by stock, and modification of the pool by local people (credit:Richard Lansdown)
(29 of94)
Scientific Name:Calumma tarzan\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Tarzan\'s Chameleon\r\n\r\nCategory: Chameleon\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat destruction for agriculture (credit:Frank Gaw)
(30 of94)
Scientific Name:Cavia intermedia\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Santa Catarina\'s Guinea Pig\r\n\r\nCategory: Guinea Pig\r\n\r\nPopulation: 40-60 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat disturbance and possible hunting; small population effects (credit:Luciano Candisani)
(31 of94)
Scientific Name:Cercopithecus roloway\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Roloway Guenon\r\n\r\nCategory: Primate\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Hunting for consumption as bushmeat, and habitat loss (credit:Sheila Curtin)
(32 of94)
Scientific Name:Coleura seychellensis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Seychelles Sheath-Tailed Bat\r\n\r\nCategory: Bat\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 100 mature individuals (est 2008)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat degradation and predation by invasive species (credit:Justin Gerlach)
(33 of94)
Scientific Name:Cryptomyces maximus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Fungus\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Limited availability of habitat (credit:David Harries)
(34 of94)
Scientific Name:Cryptotis nelsoni\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Nelson\'s Small-Eared Shrew\r\n\r\nCategory: Shrew\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: habitat loss due to logging cattle grazing, fire and agriculture (credit:Lazaro Guevara)
(35 of94)
Scientific Name:Cyclura collei\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Jamaican Iguana\r\n\r\nCategory: Iguana\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Predation by introduced species and habitat destruction (credit:Jaclyn Woods Fort Worth Zoo)
(36 of94)
Scientific Name:Dendrophylax fawcettii\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Cayman Islands Ghost Orchid\r\n\r\nCategory: Orchid\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat destruction due to infrastructure development (credit:Christine Rose-Smyth)
(37 of94)
Scientific Name:Diomedea amsterdamensis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Amsterdam Island Albatross\r\n\r\nCategory: Bird\r\n\r\nPopulation: 100 mature individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Disease and incidental capture in long-line fishing operations (credit:Eric van der Vlist)
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Scientific Name:Diospyros katendei\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Tree\r\n\r\nPopulation: 20 individuals, one population\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: High pressure from communities for agricultural activity, illegal tree felling, habitat degradation due to alluvial gold digging and small population (credit:Royal Botanical Gardens / Kew)
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Scientific Name:Dipterocarpus lamellatus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Dipterocarp (tree)\r\n\r\nPopulation: 12 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss and degradation due to logging of lowland forest and creation of industrial plantations (credit:Jeisin bin Jumian)
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Scientific Name:Discoglossus nigriventer\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Hula painted frog\r\n\r\nCategory: Frog\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (recent rediscovery in 2011)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Predation by birds and range restriction due to habitat destruction (credit:Oz Rittner)
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Scientific Name:Discorea strydomiana\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Wild Yam\r\n\r\nCategory: Yam\r\n\r\nPopulation: 200 Individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Collection for medicinal use (credit:Mervyn Lotter)
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Scientific Name:Dombeya mauritiana \r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Flowering plant\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat degradation and destruction due to encroachment by alien invasive plant species and cannabis cultivation (credit:© Loïc RUELLAN 08 05 2010)
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Scientific Name:Eleocarpus bojeri\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Flowering plant\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 10 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Small population and degraded habitat (credit:Christopher Kaiser- Bunbury)
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Scientific Name:Eleutherodactylus glandulifer\r\n\r\nCommon Name: La Hotte Glanded Frog\r\n\r\nCategory: Frog\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat destruction due to charcoal production and slash-and-burn agriculture (credit:Claudio Contreras / Penn State Eberly College of Science)
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Scientific Name:Eriosyce chilensis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Chilenito\r\n\r\nCategory: Cactus\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 500 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Collection of flowering individuals (credit:Frank Kattermann)
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Scientific Name:Erythrina schliebenii\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Coral Tree\r\n\r\nCategory: Flowering tree\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 50 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Limited habitat and small population size increasing vulnerability to stochastic events (credit:Cosmas Mligo)
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Scientific Name:Euphorbia tanaensis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Semi-deciduous tree\r\n\r\nPopulation: 4 mature individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Illegal logging and habitat degradation due to agricultural expansion and infrastructure development (credit:Olivier Hamerlynck)
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Scientific Name:Eurynorhynchus pygmeus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Spoon-Billed Sandpiper\r\n\r\nCategory: Bird\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 100 breeding pairs\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Trapping on wintering grounds and land reclamation. (credit:Baz Scampion)
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Scientific Name:Ficus katendei\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Tree (ficus)\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 50 mature individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Agricultural activity, illegal tree felling and habitat degradation due to alluvial gold digging (credit:Axel Paulson)
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Scientific Name:Geronticus eremita\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Northern Bald Ibis\r\n\r\nCategory: Bird\r\n\r\nPopulation: 200-249 mature individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat degradation and destruction, and hunting (credit:Alamy)
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Scientific Name:Gigasiphon macrosiphon\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Flowering tree\r\n\r\nPopulation: 33 mature individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Timber extraction and habitat degradation due to agricultural encroachment and development, seed predation by wild pigs (credit:Quentin Luke)
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Scientific Name:Heleophryne rosei\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Table Mountain Ghost Frog\r\n\r\nCategory: Frog\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat degradation due to invasive plants and water abstraction (credit:Atherton de Villiers)
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Scientific Name:Heteromirafa sidamoensis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Liben Lark\r\n\r\nCategory: Bird\r\n\r\nPopulation: 90- 256 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss and degradation due to agricultural expansion, over-grazing and fire suppression (credit:Paul Donald)
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Scientific Name:Hibiscadelphus woodii\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Hibiscus\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat degradation due to feral ungulates and invasive introduced plant species (credit:Ken Wood)
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Scientific Name:Hucho perryi (Parahucho perryi)\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Sakhalin Taimen\r\n\r\nCategory: Salmonid\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Overfishing (sport fishing and commercial bycatch) and habitat loss from damming, agriculture and other land use practices. (credit:Sarafutsu Itou no Kai)
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Scientific Name:Lathyrus belinensis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Sweet-pea\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 1,000 (2010 est)\r\n\r\nThreats to Survival: Habitat destruction due to urbanisation, over-grazing, conifer planting and road widening (credit:Nigel Maxted)
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Scientific Name:Leiopelma archeyii \r\n\r\nCommon Name: Archey\'s Frog\r\n\r\nCategory: Frog\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Chytridiomycosis and predation by invasive species (credit:New Zealand Department of Conservation)
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Scientific Name:Lithobates sevosus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Dusky Gopher Frog\r\n\r\nCategory: Frog\r\n\r\nPopulation: 60-100 individuals (est 2003)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Fungal disease and habitat limitation due to climate change and land-use changes (credit:John Himes)
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Scientific Name:Lophura edwardsi \r\n\r\nCommon Name: Edward\'s pheasant\r\n\r\nCategory: Bird\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Hunting and habitat loss (credit:© Tom Friedel BirdPhotos.com)
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Scientific Name:Margaritifera marocana\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Mussel\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 250 individuals (2010 est)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat degradation and disturbance due to pollution and development (credit:Rafa Araujo_ MNCN_(CSIC) Madrid_ Spain)
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Scientific Name:Moominia willii\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Mollusc\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 500 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Invasive species and climate change (credit:Justin Gerlach)
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Scientific Name: Natalus primus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Cuban Greater Funnel Eared Bat\r\n\r\nCategory: Bat\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 100 individuals (est 2005)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss and human disturbance (credit:Carlos A Mancina)
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Scientific Name:Nepenthes attenboroughii\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Attenborough\'s Pitcher Plant\r\n\r\nCategory: Carnivorous plant\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Poaching (credit:Stewart McPherson)
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Scientific Name:Nomascus hainanus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Hainan Gibbon\r\n\r\nCategory: Primate\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 20 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Hunting (credit:Jessica Bryant)
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Scientific Name:Oreocnemis phoenix\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Mulanje Red Damsel\r\n\r\nCategory: Butterfly\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat destruction and degradation due to drainage, agricultural expansion and exploitation of forest (credit:KD Dijkstra)
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Scientific Name:Pangasius sanitwongsi\r\n \r\nCommon Name: Pangasid Catfish\r\n\r\nCategory: Freshwater fish\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Overfishing and collection for aquarium trade (credit:Oliver Lucanus)
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Scientific Name:Phocoena sinus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Vaquita\r\n\r\nCategory: Porpoise\r\n\r\nPopulation: 200+ individuals and declining\r\n\r\nThreats to Survival: Incidental capture in gillnets (credit:T.A Jefferson)
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Scientific Name:Picea neoveitchii\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Conifer\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Forest destruction\r\n\r\n (credit:Chris Reynolds)
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Scientific Name:Pinus squamata\r\n \r\nCommon Name: Qiaojia Pine\r\n\r\nCategory: Conifer\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 25 mature individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Limited distribution and small population size (credit:http://en.kunming.cn/)
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Scientific Name:Pristis pristis\r\n \r\nCommon Name: Common Sawfish\r\n\r\nCategory: Sawfish\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Exploitation - has removed the species from 95% of its historical range (credit:Alamy)
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Scientific Name:Prolemur simus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Greater Bamboo Lemur\r\n\r\nCategory: Primate\r\n\r\nPopulation: 100-160 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat destruction due to slash-and-burn agriculture, mining and illegal logging (credit:Noel Rowe)
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Scientific Name:Propithecus candidus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Silky Sifaka\r\n\r\nCategory: Primate\r\n\r\nPopulation: 100 -1,000 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Hunting and habitat disturbance (credit:MediaWiki: Maky)
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Scientific Name:Psammobates geometricus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Geometric Tortoise\r\n\r\nCategory: Tortoise\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat destruction and degradation, and predation (credit:Erik Baard)
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Scientific Name:Pseudoryx nghetinhensis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Saola\r\n\r\nCategory: Saola (bovid affinities)\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Hunting and habitat destruction (credit:Toon Fey WWF)
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Scientific Name:Psiadia cataractae\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Flowering plant\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat degradation and destruction due to development project and alien invasive plant species (credit:© Loïc RUELLAN)
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Scientific Name:Psorodonotus ebneri\n\nCommon Name: Beydaglari Bush-cricket\n\nCategory: Cricket\n\nPopulation: Unknown\n\nThreats To Survival: climate change, habitat loss
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Scientific Name:Rhinoceros sondaicus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Javan Rhino\r\n\r\nCategory: Rhino\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 100 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Hunting for traditional medicine and small population size (credit:Klaus Lang)
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Scientific Name:Rhinopithecus avunculus\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Tonkin Snub-Nosed Monkey\r\n\r\nCategory: Primate\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 200 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss and hunting. Known from only a few records in small area of habitat ( less than 10km2) (credit:Le Khac Quyet University of Colorado Boulder)
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Scientific Name:Rhizanthella gardneri\r\n\r\nCommon Name: West Australian Underground Orchid\r\n\r\nCategory: Orchid\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 100 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Land clearance for agriculture (96% habitat cleared to date), climate change and salinisation (credit:Kingsley Dixon)
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Scientific Name:Rhyncocyon spp\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Boni Giant Sengi\r\n\r\nCategory: Sengi\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Highly restricted habitat and distribution, security issues, oil development in area with associated increase in human population in area (credit:ZSL_KWS)
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Scientific Name:Risiocnemis seidenschwarzi\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Cebu Frill-Wing\r\n\r\nCategory: Damsel fly\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat degradation and destruction. (credit:Reagan Joseph T Villanueva)
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Scientific Name:Rosa arabica\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Flowering tree\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Domestic animals grazing, climate change and drought, medicinal plant collection and restricted range (credit:Medicinal Plant Conservation Project Egypt and St Katherine Park)
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Scientific Name:Salanoia durrelli\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Durrell\'s Vontsira\r\n\r\nCategory: Vontsira (small carnivore)\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss (credit:Ian Vernon Tim Hounsome Durrell Wildlife Conservation Trust)
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Scientific Name:Santamartamys rufodorsalis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Red-Crested Tree Rat\r\n\r\nCategory: Rat\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss through urban development and coffee cultivation (credit:Lizzie Noble Fundacion ProAves)
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Scientific Name:Squatina squatina\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Angel Shark\r\n\r\nCategory: Shark\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Benthic trawling (credit:MediaWiki: Yzx)
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Scientific Name:Sterna bernsteini\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Chinese Crested Tern\r\n\r\nCategory: Bird\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 50 mature individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Egg collection and habitat destruction (credit:Martin Hale)
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Scientific Name:Sygnathus watermeyeri\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Estuarine Pipefish (River Pipefish)\r\n\r\nCategory: Pipefish\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Construction of dams altering river flows and flood events into estuaries (credit:Paul Cowley)
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Scientific Name:Tahina spectabilis\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Suicide Palm\r\n\r\nCategory: Palm\r\n\r\nPopulation: 90 Individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss due to fires, logging and agricultural developments (credit:William Baker Royal Botanic Gardens Kew)
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Scientific Name:Telmatobufo bullocki juvenile\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Bullock\'s False Toad\r\n\r\nCategory: Toad\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat destruction as a result of energy development (credit:Andres Charrier)
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Scientific Name:Tokudaia muenninki\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Okinawa Spiny Rat\r\n\r\nCategory: Rat\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss and predation by feral cats (credit:Norihiro Kawauchi)
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Scientific Name: Trigonostigma sompongsi\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Somphongs\'s rasbora\r\n\r\nCategory: Freshwater fish\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat loss and degradation from farmland conversion and urbanization (credit:Nonn Paintwong)
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Scientific Name:Valencia letourneuxi\r\n\r\nCommon Name: None\r\n\r\nCategory: Freshwater fish\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown (declining)\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat destruction, water abstraction and agressive interaction with Gambusia\r\n (credit:Heiko Karst)
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Scientific Name:Voanioala gerardii\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Forest Coconut\r\n\r\nCategory: palm\r\n\r\nPopulation: < 10 individuals\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Harvesting for consumption of palm heart and deforestation (credit:John Dransfield Royal Botanic Gardens Kew)
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Scientific Name:Zaglossus attenboroughii\r\n\r\nCommon Name: Attenborough\'s Echidna\r\n\r\nCategory: echidna\r\n\r\nPopulation: Unknown\r\n\r\nThreats To Survival: Habitat modification and degradation due to logging, agricultural encroachment shifting cultivation and hunting by local people (credit:Hein van Grouw)