「ロヒンギャへの弾圧は民族浄化」マレーシアが批判 ミャンマー政府は「捏造だ」と否定

「男性、女性、子供、すべての家族、村全体が攻撃され、虐待されています」
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子供を抱えて避難所を通り過ぎる女性。避難所はミャンマー国内で移動を余儀なくされたイスラム系少数民族ロヒンギャのために設けられたが、火災で破壊された。

ミャンマー西部で少数派イスラム教徒ロヒンギャに対する暴力が拡大している。悲惨な人権侵害の報告を受け、複数の人道支援団体が外国の早急な介入を呼びかけている。しかし、ミャンマー政府は、一連の疑惑を否定している。

ロヒンギャは長い間、ミャンマー西部のラカイン州で民族・宗教的な差別の被害者となってきた。ラカイン州では、彼らは権利が制限され、市民ではなく、不法移民として位置づけられている。2012年6月には、ロヒンギャとラカインの仏教徒の間で暴動が起き、数百人が殺害され、行き場を失った。その後も致命的な衝突が絶えない。

地域の緊張が数十年に及ぶ政府の抑圧と重なったことで、ロヒンギャの武装グループ「ハラカ・アル・ヤキン」は、2016年10月9日、ミャンマーの警察官9人を殺害した。この事件により、陸軍がラカインのイスラム教徒に対し報復に出た。2016年11月12日、ハラカ・アル・ヤキンは、陸軍の上級士官を殺害し、対立はさらに高まった。

陸軍はロヒンギャの暴動に反応し、報復に出た。国連はその行動について、人類に対する犯罪となる可能性がある、と警告している。また、すでに6万6000人を超えるロヒンギャが隣国のバングラデシュに追いやられている。多くは粗末なキャンプで暮らし、十分な水や公衆衛生施設に恵まれていない。難民の数が増えているためだ。

報道によると、ハラカ・アル・ヤキンは、サウジアラビアやパキスタンと連携しているという。ニューヨークタイムズによると、この武装グループが外国からミャンマーに聖戦(ジハード)を持ち込む恐れがあると分析もある。こうした懸念から、ミャンマー政府はロヒンギャへの残虐な取り締まりを強化する可能性がある。

ロヒンギャ市民を暴行するミャンマー警察の動画が1月公開された。ミャンマーの治安部隊が民家に放火し、殺害やレイプ、また、ロヒンギャの人々を多数逮捕しているとの報道が相次いだ。ミャンマー当局は調査を開始し、3人の警官を拘束したが、政府の弾圧は続いている。

【閲覧注意】以下の動画には暴力的な場面が含まれます。

マレーシアのナジブ・ラザク首相は、他のイスラム諸国に呼びかけ、こうした惨劇を終わらせようとした。マレーシア政府は、一連の暴力を「民族浄化」と表現している。また、「大虐殺」だという批判も高まっている。イスラム教徒が大半を占めるマレーシアは、現在、数万人のロヒンギャ移住者を受け入れている。

「人道的な悲劇に苦しんでいる彼らを救うために、一刻も早くできることをしなければなりません」と、ナジブ首相は語った。「ロヒンギャに対するすべての差別的行為と攻撃を今すぐやめるよう、ミャンマー政府に呼びかけています。また、加害者は公正に裁かれるべきです」

ラカイン州でロヒンギャが暴力の標的となり、飢餓の危機にさらされている証拠はたくさんあるが、ミャンマー政府はそうした報告は虚偽だと主張している。また、国家顧問で民政指導者のアウンサンスーチー氏は、ほとんど沈黙したままだ。

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バングラデシュ難民キャンプのロヒンギャ。2017年1月20日。ALLISON JOYCE/GETTY IMAGES

国営新聞に掲載された2017年1月の政府報告では、ロヒンギャに対し人権侵害があったとする「外部による疑惑」は、「ねつ造されたニュースで、でっち上げられた噂」と片づけられている。同じ新聞の別の記事では、メディアと人権団体の報告は、「テロリスト集団と共謀して意図的に作り上げられた」と報じられている

ミャンマー政府が弁明すればするほど、「信用は薄れていく」と、国連人権大使の李亮喜氏は語った。李氏はロヒンギャの村へ入ることを拒否された。「こうした攻撃は、ロヒンギャの人々に対する数十年に及ぶ体系的、制度的な差別の中で起きたものです」

アムネスティ・インターナショナル東南アジア・太平洋代表のラフェンディ・ジャミン氏は、ミャンマー当局は報道されている軍による残虐行為を「故意に無視している」と話している。

「ミャンマー軍は、ロヒンギャ市民を標的にし、冷酷な組織的暴力を加えている」と、ジャミン氏は報告書で述べている。「男性、女性、子供、すべての家族、村全体が攻撃され、虐待されています。集団で処罰を受けているのです」

ハフィントンポストUS版より翻訳・加筆しました。

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ロヒンギャの難民
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: A woman receives an IV while she sits in a clinic at the Thet Kae Pyin refugee camp. Like many of the Rohingya refugees she complained of fever and stomach aches on May 6, 2014 in Sittwe, Burma. Some 150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: A medic checks up on a pregnant woman in a makeshift clinic and pharmecy in the Thet Kae Pyin refugee camp on May 6, 2014 in Sittwe, Burma. Some 150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: A pregnant woman is given an injection by a medic, a Rohingya medic, in a makeshift clinic and pharmacy in the Thet Kae Pyin refugee camp on May 6, 2014 in Sittwe, Burma. Some 150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: A woman sleeps while she waits to be treated at a clinic in the Dar Paing refugee camp on May 6, 2014 in Sittwe, Burma. Some 150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rohingya Refugees Face Health Crisis As Myanmar Cuts Off Aid(17 of27)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: Women and children wait outside a makeshift clinic and pharmecy in the Thet Kae Pyin refugee camp. Hundreds come everyday and are given small amounts of medicine barely adequate for basic ailments.150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: Women line up at the door of a makeshift pharmecy and clinic in the Thet Kae Pyin refugee camp. Most complain of fevers and stomach aches. Some are pregnant and many people suffer from dehydration and malnutrition on May 6, 2014 in Sittwe, Burma. Some 150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rohingya Refugees Face Health Crisis As Myanmar Cuts Off Aid(19 of27)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: Ya Kup, 44, sits in his hut, barely able to hold himself upright. Due to vomiting and fever he is unable to eat and cannot work on May 6, 2014 in Sittwe, Burma. Some 150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rohingya Refugees Face Health Crisis As Myanmar Cuts Off Aid(20 of27)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: An assistant sets up an IV at a makeshift clinic and pharmecy in the Thet Kae Pyin refugee camp on May 6, 2014 in Sittwe, Burma. Some 150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rohingya Refugees Face Health Crisis As Myanmar Cuts Off Aid(21 of27)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: Roshida Moud, 12, is held by his father as he explains that his son was hit in the head with a stone during the Rakhine violence in 2012. Roshida Moud has been unable to function by himself since the inury.150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rohingya Refugees Face Health Crisis As Myanmar Cuts Off Aid(22 of27)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: Amina Kerto, 27, lays in a clinic in the Dar Paing refugee camp suffering from a fever resulting from an infected leg on May 6, 2014 in Sittwe, Burma. Some 150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rohingya Refugees Face Health Crisis As Myanmar Cuts Off Aid(23 of27)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: Women wait to be treated outside a clinic in the Dar Paing refugee camp on May 6, 2014 in Sittwe, Burma. Some 150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rohingya Refugees Face Health Crisis As Myanmar Cuts Off Aid(24 of27)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: Amina Khertu (left), 30, waits for a Rakhine doctor to arrive to deliver her child. The doctors had already left for the day and she was forced to wait for almost twelve hours on May 6, 2014 in Sittwe, Burma. Some 150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rohingya Refugees Face Health Crisis As Myanmar Cuts Off Aid(25 of27)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: A woman, unable to stand, lays on the porch of a makeshift clinic and pharmecy in the Thet Kae Pyin refugee camp. The medics did not know what was wrong with her specifically, but like many Rohingya she had a fever and stomach ache on May 6, 2014 in Sittwe, Burma. Some 150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rohingya Refugees Face Health Crisis As Myanmar Cuts Off Aid(26 of27)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: Nar Alam, a Rohingya medic, hands out drugs to patients. Medecine is limtied however and patients only recieve enough for a day and a half on May 6, 2014 in Sittwe, Burma. Some 150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)
Rohingya Refugees Face Health Crisis As Myanmar Cuts Off Aid(27 of27)
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SITTWE, BURMA - MAY 06: A Rohingya medic, checks a woman\'s heartbeat at a clinic in the Thet Kae Pyin refugee camp. Offering limited expertise, Nar Alam does what he is able, but is not a medical doctor and can only prescribe a small quantity of medecine on May 6, 2014 in Sittwe, Burma. Some 150,000 Rohingya IDP (internally displaced people) are currently imprisoned in refugee camps outside of Sittwe in Rakhine State in Western Myanmar. Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF), the primary supplier of medical care within the camps, was banned in March by the Myanmar government. Follow up attacks by Buddhist mobs on the homes of aid workers in Sittwe put an end to NGO operations in the camps. Though some NGOs are beginning to resume work, MSF remains banned, and little to no healthcare is being provided to most Rohingya IDPs. One Rohingya doctor is servicing 150,000 refugees with limited medication. Several Rakhine volunteer doctors sporadically enter the camps for two hours a day. Births are the most complicated procedures successfully carried out in the camps, requests to visit Yangon or Sittwe hospitals for life threatening situations require lengthy applications and are routinely denied. Malnutrition and diarrhea are the most widespread issues, but more serious diseases like tuberculosis are going untreated and could lead to the rise of drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). (Photo by Andre Malerba/Getty Images) (credit:Getty Images)

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