サウジアラビアで初めて女性が選挙に参加 候補者が悩んだ大きな「壁」とは

サウジアラビアの自治評議会(地方議会に相当)選挙で、女性に初めて選挙権と被選挙権が認められた。
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A Saudi woman casts her ballot at a polling center during municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Saudi women are heading to polling stations across the kingdom on Saturday, both as voters and candidates for the first time in this landmark election. (AP Photo/Aya Batrawy)
ASSOCIATED PRESS

12月12日、サウジアラビアの自治評議会(地方議会に相当)選挙で、女性に初めて選挙権と被選挙権が認められ、多くの女性が投票所に向かった。AFPによると、メッカ州マドラカの自治評議会で第1号の女性当選者が出た。NHKは女性20人が当選したと伝えた。

AP通信によると、立候補したのは男性約6000人に対し、女性約980人。投票のために事前登録した女性は13万人以上だったが、男性は約135万人だった。選挙管理委員会は、約2000万人の人口のうち、有権者は少なくとも500万人以上とするが、もっと多い可能性もある。

選挙は女性への割り当て枠(クオータ制)はないが、サウジアラビアで女性の権利拡大に向けた重要な一歩と期待されている。

候補者の一人、ラティファ・アル・バゼイさん(53)は公立学校の校長を務める。サウジアラビアで多数を占める25歳以下の若年層に、政治への関与を高めてほしいと期待する。「私は23年間、教師として、学校経営者として務めてきた。私の目標は発展、変革とイノベーション」と、リヤドの投票所で自らの投票を終えて話した。

50歳の女性、シャラ・アル・カタニさんは「名前を知っている」という男性候補に投票した。2人の娘は女性候補に投票したという。「アバヤ」と呼ばれる、外出時に着用が義務づけられる黒ずくめの民族衣装を着て、顔と髪の毛を隠していた。カタニさんは、女性の投票が許されたことは「人々にとってよいこと。社会にとってよいこと。女性は男性のパートナーなのだから」と話す。

サウジ初の女性参政権は一定の盛り上がりを見せているが、当選の見込みがある女性候補はそれほど多くない。男性候補者の方が圧倒的に多く、女性に選挙運動の経験がないためだ。

女性候補は、女性が社会に関わらないというサウジの伝統的な社会通念にも直面する。12日、ある男性候補がリヤドの投票所の前で演説し、女性に投票してはならないと訴えた。「女性の役割はそこ(政治)ではない。女性の役割は家の切り盛りと、新しい世代を育てることだ。もし我々が女性に外でこんな仕事をすることを許したら、誰が私の息子の面倒を見るんだ?」

サウジアラビアは宗教的な保守主義者による圧力で、女性に車の運転を禁じている世界唯一の国だ。サウジの女性は後見人法で支配され、結婚やパスポート取得、海外旅行や高等教育を受けるにあたっては、通常は父親や夫など、男性の親族の許可を得ることが義務づけられる。

サウジアラビアの厳格な男女分離政策により、投票所は男女別々に設けられた。女性候補者は男性の有権者に直接話しかけることはできず、演説も仕切り越しに、マイクやプロジェクターを使わなければならない。

自治評議会はサウジアラビアの国民が自らの代表を選べる唯一の公的機関だ。1960年代以降、選挙は2005年、2011年に次いで3回目。過去2回は男性のみの選挙権が認められてきた。男女を問わず、選挙運動はソーシャルメディアに強く依存しており、TwitterやFacebook、YouTubeをつかって、若者の活動拠点や託児所の増設、公園や道路の改善などを訴えた。

一般有権者が立候補できる約2100の議席に加え、国王が指名できる1050議席がある。任期は2016年1月1日から4年間。自治評議会に立法権はなく、予算や公共施設など地域の課題を監督するのが役割だ。すべての政治権力は国王と、全員が男性の閣僚が握っている。

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サウジアラビア、初の女性参政権
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(01 of34)
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Saudi women vote at a polling center during the municipal elections, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Women across Saudi Arabia marked a historic milestone on Saturday, both voting and running as candidates in government elections for the first time, but just outside polling stations they waited for male drivers â a reminder of the limitations still firmly in place. (AP Photo/Aya Batrawy) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(02 of34)
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A Saudi woman, right, leaves the polling center after casting her vote as another woman prepares to enter during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Women across Saudi Arabia marked a historic milestone on Saturday, both voting and running as candidates in government elections for the first time, but just outside polling stations they waited for male drivers â a reminder of the limitations still firmly in place. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(03 of34)
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Saudi election officials close the gate at a polling center at the end for the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Women across Saudi Arabia marked a historic milestone on Saturday, both voting and running as candidates in government elections for the first time, but just outside polling stations they waited for male drivers â a reminder of the limitations still firmly in place. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(04 of34)
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Saudi electoral workers prepare to count ballots after the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Women across Saudi Arabia marked a historic milestone on Saturday, both voting and running as candidates in government elections for the first time, but just outside polling stations they waited for male drivers â a reminder of the limitations still firmly in place. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(05 of34)
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A Saudi man, center, casts his vote at a polling center during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Women across Saudi Arabia marked a historic milestone on Saturday, both voting and running as candidates in government elections for the first time, but just outside polling stations they waited for male drivers â a reminder of the limitations still firmly in place. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(06 of34)
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A Saudi woman waits outside a polling center as she prepares to cast her ballot during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Women across Saudi Arabia marked a historic milestone on Saturday, both voting and running as candidates in government elections for the first time, but just outside polling stations they waited for male drivers â a reminder of the limitations still firmly in place. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Saudi electoral workers prepare to count ballots after the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Saudi women are heading to polling stations across the kingdom on Saturday, both as voters and candidates for the first time in this landmark election. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Women Vote(08 of34)
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In this Friday, Dec. 11, 2015 photo, Saudi women shop at a mall in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Women across Saudi Arabia marked a historic milestone on Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015, both voting and running as candidates in government elections for the first time. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(09 of34)
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Saudi women vote at a polling center during municipal elections, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Saudi women are heading to polling stations across the kingdom on Saturday, both as voters and candidates for the first time in this landmark election. (AP Photo/Aya Batrawy) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(10 of34)
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A Saudi woman casts her ballot at a polling center during municipal elections, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Saudi women are heading to polling stations across the kingdom on Saturday, both as voters and candidates for the first time in this landmark election. (AP Photo/Aya Batrawy) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(11 of34)
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A Saudi woman casts her ballot at a polling center during municipal elections, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Saudi women are heading to polling stations across the kingdom on Saturday, both as voters and candidates for the first time in this landmark election. (AP Photo/Aya Batrawy) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(12 of34)
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A Saudi woman prepares to vote at a polling center during municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Saudi women are heading to polling stations across the kingdom on Saturday, both as voters and candidates for the first time in this landmark election. (AP Photo/Aya Batrawy) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(13 of34)
Open Image Modal
A Saudi woman casts her ballot at a polling center during municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Saudi women are heading to polling stations across the kingdom on Saturday, both as voters and candidates for the first time in this landmark election. (AP Photo/Aya Batrawy) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(14 of34)
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Saudi women vote at a polling center during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Saudi women are heading to polling stations across the kingdom on Saturday, both as voters and candidates for the first time in this landmark election. (AP Photo/Aya Batrawy) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(15 of34)
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Saudi women vote at a polling center during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Saudi women are heading to polling stations across the kingdom on Saturday, both as voters and candidates for the first time in this landmark election. (AP Photo/Aya Batrawy) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(16 of34)
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A Saudi man prepares to casting his ballot at a polling center during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(17 of34)
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A Saudi man prepares to cast his vote at a polling center during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(18 of34)
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A Saudi man, center, casts his vote at a polling center during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(19 of34)
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A Saudi man, center, signs next to his name before casting his ballot inside a polling center during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(20 of34)
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A Saudi man casts his ballot during the municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(21 of34)
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A Saudi man, center, casts his vote at a polling center during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(22 of34)
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A Saudi man prepares to cast his vote at a polling center during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(23 of34)
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Saudi women prepare to vote at a polling center during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Saudi women are heading to polling stations across the kingdom on Saturday, both as voters and candidates for the first time in this landmark election. (AP Photo/Aya Batrawy) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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Saudi citizens read the candidates\' list inside a polling center during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(25 of34)
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A Saudi man casts his ballot at a polling center during the municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Arabia Municipal Elections(26 of34)
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Saudi women vote at a polling center during the country\'s municipal elections in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Saturday, Dec. 12, 2015. Saudi women are heading to polling stations across the kingdom on Saturday, both as voters and candidates for the first time in this landmark election. (AP Photo/Aya Batrawy) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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In this Wednesday, Nov. 11, 2015 photo, a journalist makes her way in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Outside the Saudi capital of Riyadh, in one of the country\'s most conservative provinces, Jowhara al-Wably is making history by running as a female candidate in upcoming elections. Saturday\'s vote for municipal council seats marks two milestones for Saudi women: It is the first time women are allowed to vote in a government election and the first time women can run as candidates. (AP Photo/Hasan Jamali) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Saudi Women Elections(28 of34)
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In this Tuesday, Nov. 10, 2015 photo, a journalist takes photos at a palace in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Outside the Saudi capital of Riyadh, in one of the country\'s most conservative provinces, Jowhara al-Wably is making history by running as a female candidate in upcoming elections. Saturday\'s vote for municipal council seats marks two milestones for Saudi women: It is the first time women are allowed to vote in a government election and the first time women can run as candidates. (AP Photo/Hasan Jamali) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA - DECEMBER 12: Saudi officials count the votes at the end of the day at a polling station to vote for the municipal elections on December 12, 2015 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Women are running the municipal council seats as candidates for the first time in the Kingdom\'s history and also be allowed for the first time to vote in a governmental election. The Municipal councils are the only government body in which Saudi Arabian citizens can elect representatives, so the vote is widely seen as a small but significant opening for women to play a more equal role in society. (Photo by Jordan Pix/ Getty Images) (credit:Jordan Pix via Getty Images)
Municipal Elections Are Held Acoss The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia(30 of34)
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JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA - DECEMBER 12: Saudi officials count the votes at the end of the day at a polling station to vote for the municipal elections on December 12, 2015 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Women are running the municipal council seats as candidates for the first time in the Kingdom\'s history and also be allowed for the first time to vote in a governmental election. The Municipal councils are the only government body in which Saudi Arabian citizens can elect representatives, so the vote is widely seen as a small but significant opening for women to play a more equal role in society. (Photo by Jordan Pix/ Getty Images) (credit:Jordan Pix via Getty Images)
Municipal Elections Are Held Acoss The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia(31 of34)
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JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA - DECEMBER 12: Saudi officials count the votes at the end of the day at a polling station to vote for the municipal elections on December 12, 2015 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Women are running the municipal council seats as candidates for the first time in the Kingdom\'s history and also be allowed for the first time to vote in a governmental election. The Municipal councils are the only government body in which Saudi Arabian citizens can elect representatives, so the vote is widely seen as a small but significant opening for women to play a more equal role in society. (Photo by Jordan Pix/ Getty Images) (credit:Jordan Pix via Getty Images)
Municipal Elections Are Held Acoss The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia(32 of34)
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JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA - DECEMBER 12: Saudi officials count the votes at the end of the day at a polling station to vote for the municipal elections on December 12, 2015 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Women are running the municipal council seats as candidates for the first time in the Kingdom\'s history and also be allowed for the first time to vote in a governmental election. The Municipal councils are the only government body in which Saudi Arabian citizens can elect representatives, so the vote is widely seen as a small but significant opening for women to play a more equal role in society. (Photo by Jordan Pix/ Getty Images) (credit:Jordan Pix via Getty Images)
Municipal Elections Are Held Acoss The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia(33 of34)
Open Image Modal
JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA - DECEMBER 12: Saudi officials count the votes at the end of the day at a polling station to vote for the municipal elections on December 12, 2015 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Women are running the municipal council seats as candidates for the first time in the Kingdom\'s history and also be allowed for the first time to vote in a governmental election. The Municipal councils are the only government body in which Saudi Arabian citizens can elect representatives, so the vote is widely seen as a small but significant opening for women to play a more equal role in society. (Photo by Jordan Pix/ Getty Images) (credit:Jordan Pix via Getty Images)
Municipal Elections Are Held Acoss The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia(34 of34)
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JEDDAH, SAUDI ARABIA - DECEMBER 12: Saudi officials count the votes at the end of the day at a polling station to vote for the municipal elections on December 12, 2015 in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Women are running the municipal council seats as candidates for the first time in the Kingdom\'s history and also be allowed for the first time to vote in a governmental election. The Municipal councils are the only government body in which Saudi Arabian citizens can elect representatives, so the vote is widely seen as a small but significant opening for women to play a more equal role in society. (Photo by Jordan Pix/ Getty Images) (credit:Jordan Pix via Getty Images)