タイで非常事態宣言 日本車メーカー、投資計画の見直しも

タイの首都バンコクで政権交代を求める反政府デモ隊が運動を展開している問題で、政府は非常事態を宣言した。日本の自動車メーカーは、販売が想定以上に低迷する可能性もあり、投資計画の見直しを検討し始めた。
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Reuters

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タイの政情不安に対し、日本の自動車メーカーから「イエローカード」が出ている。首都バンコクでは政権交代を求める反政府デモ隊が2カ月以上にわたって運動を展開し、21日には政府が非常事態を宣言する事態となった。

このまま政治的な混乱が続けば、成長が損なわれ、販売が想定以上に低迷する可能性もある。これまで日本の自動車産業はタイ国内で積極的に投資してきたが、長引く政情不安にいらだちが募っている。

「現在の政治危機が続けば、われわれはタイでの新たな投資を実施しないかもしれない」──。トヨタ自動車

タイでは2011年に記録的な大洪水が発生。各社の自動車生産がマヒする被害があったものの、トヨタをはじめとする日本メーカーは引き続き同国を重視してきた。日本車のシェアが約9割を占め、部品メーカーの集積によって自動車産業が成熟しているためだ。そんな中、自動車メーカーの幹部が投資計画見直しなどの可能性まで言及したケースは珍しい。

トヨタは年間80万台規模を生産するタイ最大の自動車メーカー。豊田章男社長は12年に開かれたタイ現地法人の50周年記念式典で「近い将来、タイでの生産規模を年間100万台レベルまで引き上げていきたい」と宣言し、タイを世界の中核的な生産拠点として位置付けていく考えを表明していた。

ただ、棚田社長は20日の会見で「向こう3─4年で年産能力を20万台引き上げる計画は不透明になった」と述べた。棚田氏の一連の発言について、トヨタの事情に詳しい関係者は「フラストレーションの表れ」と指摘。その上で「投資を今後どうするかという問題とは別に、警告を発したととらえればいい」と指摘した。

<タイ市場は一段の落ち込みも>

タイは日系メーカーの牙城で、トヨタが3割以上のシェアをもつ。いすゞ自動車

各社は輸出拠点としても重視し、日産自はタイの第2工場を建設中。ホンダも15年の稼働を目指して新工場を建設している。各社の広報担当者によると、今のところ発表した計画に対し、見直しの動きは出ていない。

だが、足元のタイの自動車市場は、政府の販売奨励策終了の反動などで減少している。タイ工業連盟の発表によると、13年のタイ市場は前年比7.7%減の133万台にとどまった。

タイトヨタの棚田社長は14年について、消費の弱さや経済成長の鈍化が影響し、同13.6%減の115万台となる見通しだと説明。このまま政情不安が続いた場合には、この水準も下回る可能性があると指摘した。

自動車産業に詳しい東京都市大学の井上隆一郎教授は、タイ近隣のインドネシアでも自動車生産が拡大していると指摘。今すぐにインドネシアへ生産がシフトしていくことはないとしつつも、自動車メーカーからの「警告」が単なるブラフではないとの見方を示している。

[東京 22日 ロイター]

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