女性の労働状況、25〜39歳の有業率が増える=2012年就業構造基本調査【争点:雇用】

総務省が12日に発表した、2012年の就業構造基本調査によると、25~39歳の女性の有業率(仕事に付いている割合)が、5年前と比べて増えていることがわかった。しかし、夫の収入別に妻の有業率を見ると…
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総務省が12日に発表した、2012年の就業構造基本調査によると、25~39歳の女性の有業率(仕事に付いている割合)が、5年前と比べて増えていることがわかった。

就業構造基本調査とは、日本における就業・不就業の実態を明らかにすることを目的として5年ごとに行われるもので、2012年は全国の世帯から無作為に選定した約47万世帯の15歳以上の世帯員約100万人を対象に,平成24年10月1日に実施した。

調査によると、結婚や子育てをするかたが多い25〜39歳の女性の有業率は69.8%となり、2007年の66.8%から約3%も増えていることがわかった。

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雇用形態別にみてみると、正規の職員・従業員とパートはほぼ横ばい。労働派遣事業所の派遣社員が7.0%から4.6%に減り、契約社員が5.7%から6.8%に増加、また、アルバイトも6.7%から7.5%に増加していた。

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安倍政権では、成長戦略で「女性が輝く日本をつくる」として、「待機児童の解消」「職場復帰・再就職の支援」「女性役員・管理職の増加」を上げている。働く女性が増えると、世帯の収入が増え、消費も行われるため、景気も良くなるとされる。

しかし、働く女性の増加には別の要因もありそうだ。妻が40歳未満の場合の有業率は56.2%であったが、このうち、夫の年収が399万円未満の世帯では、有業率は60%を超えていた。

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一方25〜39歳までの男性については、正規の職員・従業員が2007年の84.2%から82.8%に減少、労働派遣事業所の派遣社員も2.4%から1.9%に減少していたが、アルバイトは3.9%から4.8%に増加、契約社員も3.3%から4.4%に増加していることがわかった。

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雇用者全体に占める非正規労働者の割合は、男女合わせると38.2%になり、うち、25〜39歳の方について、2007年は27.3%であったが、2012年は29.0%と増加している。

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朝日新聞デジタルでは非正規雇用が増えたことについて、20年前と比較して下記のように報じている。

非正規労働者は、企業が人件費を抑えるために正社員にかわって採用を増やしてきたことから増加傾向だ。92年の調査では、非正規の人数は1053万人(非正規の割合は21・7%)だったことから、20年でほぼ倍増したことになる。

朝日新聞デジタル「非正規雇用、初の2千万人台 20年でほぼ倍増」より。 2013/07/13 09:20)

女性が働く機会が増えるのは大変素晴らしいことであるが、やむを得ず働きに出なくてはならないようにも見える。どこか矛盾があるのではないだろうか。

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