中東イエメンでは、5歳未満の子供が10分おきに死んでいる「世界最大規模の人道危機だ」

「私たちはもはや、時間との闘いの最中にある」

内戦が続き、「世界最大規模の人道危機」に発展しているイエメンを支援するため、国連は4月25日、ジュネーブで開かれた国際会合で、21億ドル(約2300億円)の拠出を求めた。しかし、支援の約束は半分強の11億ドル(約1150億円)に留まっている。それでも、アントニオ・グテーレス国連事務総長は、「目覚ましい成功」と評価した。

グテーレス事務総長は、2年にわたるイエメン内戦に苦しむ人々への援助を申し出た国の「寛大さと連帯」に謝意を表した。イエメンでは、サウジアラビアとアラブ首長国連邦(UAE)が主導する有志連合軍と、イランが支援するシーア派反政府勢力「フーシ派」との間で過酷な内戦が続き、住民の大量移動と世界最大規模の食糧危機が発生した。

しかし、人道支援活動の国際NGOオックスファムは、約束された資金11億ドルについて、「数百万人の生死を分ける意味がある」と評価する一方、依然として多くのイエメン住民が援助を得られないことへの危機感を募らせた。

この日のイエメン支援の国際会合で、支援国から極めて寛大な支援表明を得て、イエメンの家族と子供たちに必要な21億ドルのうち、半分強の拠出を約束した。

「支援国は、最も過酷な立場に置かれているイエメン人1200万人への資金援助の必要にも十分に応えないまま、ジュネーブを後にしようとしている」と、ノルウェー難民委員会のムタシム・ハムダン氏は批判した。「国際社会がイエメン人が耐え忍んでいる苦痛を抑えるために最善の努力をすることもなく、どのようにしてこの深刻な危機を捉えられるというのか。理解できない」

イエメン国民約2700万人のうち、1900万人が人道的支援を必要としている。その1900万人のうち、1700万人が十分な食糧が得られていない。絶望的な状況下、イエメンの家族は極端な生き残り策をとらざるをえない。時には娘に児童婚させ、息子を戦場に送り込でいる。

イエメンの子供200万人以上が栄養失調状態で、およそ50万人が緊急処置をしなければ餓死する可能性がある。国際会合でグテーレス事務総長が指摘したとおり、5歳未満のイエメンの子供は、予防可能な原因によって10分おきに死んでいる。

「(資金援助の約束が)きょう実現したことにより、少なくとも国連とユニセフは、最も急を要する要求に応えることができるだろう」と、ユニセフのイエメン・コミュニケーション・スペシャリストであるビスマルク・スワンギン氏はハフポストUS版に語った。しかし、スワンギン氏はこうも付け加えた。「私たちは世界に対して、人命を救うために必要な資金を提供するよう求めている。必要な全額を得られない限り、どれほどの金額であっても、国際社会に対する私たちの期待にはまったく満たない」

この日、ユニセフの中東および北アフリカ担当地域ディレクター、ゲールト・カッペラエレ氏は、厳しい内容の声明を発表し、イエメン危機の重大性を率直な言葉で表現した。「内戦や国際社会に対する関係者のより一層の行動がなければ、イエメンが深刻な飢饉に陥る危険性がある。私たちはもはや、時間との闘いの最中にある」

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栄養失調に苦しむ生後7カ月のザイナブ・ナワフちゃん。2016年11月13日、ユニセフが支援するイエメンのサーダのアルジャンフリ病院にて。NAIF RAHMAH VIA UNICEF

さらにスワンギン氏は、イエメンの急速な情勢悪化により、迅速、本格的に対応する緊急性がますます高まっていると強調した。

「もし私たちが、できる限り早急に調達された資金を得られれば、今日の国際会合によって変化をもたらし、子供たちの命を救うことになる」と、スワンギン氏は強調した。「約束はよいことだ。しかし、資金の方がもっと有効だ」

スワンギン氏は、グテーレス事務総長の「資金調達だけでは、イエメンにいる数百万の人々の運を好転させることにはならない」との警告に同意し、より大規模な人道支援や停戦も不可欠だと主張した。

「イエメン内戦の当事者は、すべての地域で妨害しないアクセスを認めるべきだ」と、スワンギン氏は述べた。「私たちは、敵対関係を終わらせて、国中にいる住む家を失った家族たちが、医療と食料を受けられる場所に行けるようにする必要がある」

イエメンのフダイダでは、サウジアラビア主導の有志連合軍による軍事行動が迫っているという報道や、高まる緊張の中で、人々の懸念が強まっている。紅海との西側境界沿いに位置するフダイダは、ジブチから運ばれる人道的物資が供給される重要港であり、輸入食料の80%近くがこの港に陸揚げされている。

「フダイダ港は重要なライフラインだ」と、国連世界食糧計画のエグゼクティブ・ディレクターであるデービッド・ビーズリー氏は、ジュネーブの国際会合で訴えた。「この港が混乱に巻き込まれたら、飢饉を防ぐための活動は重大な危機を迎える」

グテーレス事務総長は、イエメンの内戦当事者に武器供与してきた支援国について問われたとき、次のように答えた。「世界中のどこでも、戦争当事者に武器を一切売らない日があれば、戦争が起きることはない」

ハフポストUS版より翻訳・加筆しました。

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イエメン 最悪レベルの人道危機
Mideast Yemen(01 of24)
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Men uncover the body of a girl under the rubble of a house destroyed by a Saudi-led airstrike in Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 2, 2015. The United Nations on Wednesday declared its highest-level humanitarian emergency in conflict-torn Yemen, where over 80 percent of the population needs assistance. U.N. officials have said the Arab world\'s most impoverished country is now a step away from famine. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
APTOPIX Mideast Yemen(02 of24)
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Men uncover the body of a girl under the rubble of a house destroyed by a Saudi-led airstrike in Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 2, 2015. The United Nations on Wednesday declared its highest-level humanitarian emergency in conflict-torn Yemen, where over 80 percent of the population needs assistance. U.N. officials have said the Arab world\'s most impoverished country is now a step away from famine. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Yemen(03 of24)
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Men search for survivors under the rubble of a house destroyed by a Saudi-led airstrike in Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 2, 2015. The United Nations on Wednesday declared its highest-level humanitarian emergency in conflict-torn Yemen, where over 80 percent of the population needs assistance. U.N. officials have said the Arab world\'s most impoverished country is now a step away from famine. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Yemen(04 of24)
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Neighbors, seen at left, sit on the rubble of a house destroyed by a Saudi-led airstrike in Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 2, 2015. The United Nations on Wednesday declared its highest-level humanitarian emergency in conflict-torn Yemen, where over 80 percent of the population needs assistance. U.N. officials have said the Arab world\'s most impoverished country is now a step away from famine. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
APTOPIX Mideast Yemen(05 of24)
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Smoke rises after a Saudi-led airstrike in Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 2, 2015. The United Nations on Wednesday declared its highest-level humanitarian emergency in conflict-torn Yemen, where over 80 percent of the population needs assistance. U.N. officials have said the Arab world\'s most impoverished country is now a step away from famine. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Yemen(06 of24)
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A house destroyed by a Saudi-led airstrike in Sanaa, Yemen, Thursday, July 2, 2015. The United Nations on Wednesday, July 1 declared its highest-level humanitarian emergency in conflict-torn Yemen, where over 80 percent of the population need assistance. U.N. officials have said the Arab world\'s most impoverished country is now a step away from famine. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People stand amid wreckage of a vehicle at the site of a car bomb attack in Sanaa, Yemen, Tuesday, June 30, 2015. The explosion occurred near a military hospital in the Yemeni capital on Monday, causing dozens of casualties including civilians, security officials said. The Islamic State\'s Sanaa Division claimed responsibility on Twitter for detonating the parked car bomb, according to the SITE Intelligence Group monitoring service. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
APTOPIX Mideast Yemen(08 of24)
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Yemeni children receive free food donated by Yemeni volunteers during the holy month of Ramadan, in Sanaa, Yemen, Friday, June 26, 2015. Muslims throughout the world are marking the month of Ramadan, the holiest month in the Islamic calendar during which devotees fast from dawn till dusk.(AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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People stand amid wreckage of a car at the site of a car bomb attack in Sanaa, Yemen, Tuesday, June 30, 2015. The explosion occurred near a military hospital in the Yemeni capital on Monday, causing dozens of casualties including civilians, security officials said. The Islamic State\'s Sanaa Division claimed responsibility on Twitter for detonating the parked car bomb, according to the SITE Intelligence Group monitoring service. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
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A Yemeni fighter loyal to exiled President Abedrabbo Mansour Hadi walks on a damaged street in the Dar Saad suburb of the southern city of Aden on July 2, 2015. Fighting rage between rebels and pro-government fighters in Yemen\'s battleground southern port of Aden, a day after the United Nations declared its highest level of humanitarian emergency in the war-torn country. AFP PHOTO / SALEH AL-OBEIDI (Photo credit should read SALEH AL-OBEIDI/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:SALEH AL-OBEIDI via Getty Images)
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Smoke billows following an air-strike by the Saudi-led coalition on a weapons depot, currently controlled by Yemeni Shiite Huthi rebels, on July 2, 2015 in the capital Sanaa. Fighting raged in Yemen\'s battleground southern port of Aden, a day after the United Nations declared its highest level of humanitarian emergency in the war-torn country. AFP PHOTO / MOHAMMED HUWAIS (Photo credit should read MOHAMMED HUWAIS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MOHAMMED HUWAIS via Getty Images)
SAUDI-YEMEN-UN-CONFLICT(12 of24)
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A Yemeni woman holds a placard as she demonstrates upon the arrival for a meeting of UN\'s envoy to Yemen, Ismail Ould Cheikh Ahmed, and Yemeni Foreign Minister, Riad Yassin, on July 1, 2015 in the Saudi capital Riyadh. Rebel fire on a residential district of Yemen\'s second city Aden killed more than 30 civilians, as the UN declared its highest level humanitarian emergency in the war-torn country. AFP PHOTO / FAYEZ NURELDINE (Photo credit should read FAYEZ NURELDINE/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:FAYEZ NURELDINE via Getty Images)
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Mideast Yemen(18 of24)
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Yemenis walk on June 18, 2015 near the wreckage of cars after five simultaneous bombings targeting Shiite mosques and offices hit the Yemeni capital Sanaa the previous night killing at least 31 people. The Islamic State group, a Sunni Muslim radical group, said the attacks were in \'revenge\' against the Shiite Huthis, who have overrun Sanaa and much of the Sunni majority country and whom it considers to be heretics. AFP PHOTO / MOHAMMED HUWAIS (Photo credit should read MOHAMMED HUWAIS/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:MOHAMMED HUWAIS via Getty Images)
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People search for survivors under the rubble of houses destroyed by Saudi airstrikes in the old city of Sanaa, Yemen, Friday, June 12, 2015. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Yemen(23 of24)
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People search for survivors under the rubble of houses destroyed by Saudi airstrikes in the old city of Sanaa, Yemen, Friday, June 12, 2015. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)
Mideast Yemen(24 of24)
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Men stand guard on the rubble of a house destroyed by a Saudi-led airstrike on the outskirts of Sanaa, Yemen, Tuesday, June 9, 2015. A series of airstrikes from the Saudi-led military coalition also targeted Yemen\'s Defense Ministry building, which is under control of Shiite rebels who control the capital, Sanaa, officials said. (AP Photo/Hani Mohammed) (credit:ASSOCIATED PRESS)

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