【ウクライナ情勢】親ロ派の支援要請にプーチン大統領が沈黙する理由

親ロ派司令官が軍事的支援を懇願しても、ロシアのプーチン大統領は沈黙を続けている。
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Reuters

ウクライナ政府軍が同国東部スラビャンスクの拠点を奪還する3週間前、親ロシア派武装勢力の司令官はロシアに軍事的支援を懇願した。

「1週間、2週間、3週間、もしくは1カ月が過ぎれば、遅かれ早かれ反逆の兵士たちは破滅するだろう」。イーゴリ・ストレルコフ大佐として知られる親ロ派司令官は、インターネット上でこのように訴えた。

しかし、ロシアのプーチン大統領は沈黙したままだった。そして5日、ストレルコフ大佐率いる武装勢力はスラビャンスクを追われることになる。

こうした出来事は、ウクライナのポロシェンコ大統領による親ロ派武装勢力の掃討作戦にとってターニングポイントになり得るだけではない。プーチン大統領がクリミア併合の再現を望んではおらず、西側からの追加制裁を回避するため、そして国境付近の不安定化のリスクを軽減するために、危機を沈静化させようとしていることを示唆している。

プーチン大統領は過去数週間、国境付近に集結させていた兵士の大半を撤退させ、ウクライナでの武力行使を認める決議を撤回するよう議会に求めたほか、西側との外交努力を続けている。

軍事介入に再びかじを切ることはせずとも、プーチン大統領はロシア国内で人気を失うことなしに、面目を保ちながら、ウクライナ危機を軽減させる方法を見いだしたように見える。

かつてクレムリンの顧問だったアンドレイ・イラリオノフ氏は5日、リベラル系ラジオ局のウェブサイトに掲載したブログで「ウクライナへの4カ月に及ぶ侵攻の末、プーチン氏は運命の分かれ道にいることに気付いた」と指摘。親ロ派武装勢力を見捨てることはロシア国内での支持を失う恐れがあるだけでなく、反プーチン勢力を勢いづかせることにつながりかねないが、軍隊を派遣し援護するというもう1つの選択肢では、西側との対立が不可避だと述べた。

<侵攻の恐れは後退>

親ロ派のウクライナ前大統領が2月に失脚したときには、ロシアの影響力を脅かす事態となりかねなかったが、その後の対応を通じてプーチン大統領の人気は一段と高まった。

プーチン大統領は先週、モスクワに集まった各国に駐在するロシア大使に向けた演説で、「政治的、経済的手段から、国際人道法に基づく活動や自衛権まで、可能な限りあらゆる手段を行使」することによって、ロシア系住民を守る権利があると強調した。だが、緊張を和らげたいというシグナルも繰り返し発している。

ロシアは西側による制裁が、すでに景気後退(リセッション)に向かっている同国経済に深刻なダメージを与えることを前にもまして懸念している。そうなれば、プーチン大統領の人気にも傷がつきかねない。

今のところ、緊張緩和は通貨ルーブルとロシア株の押し上げ要因となっている。それ故、プーチン大統領が7日遅くまでにスラビャンスクが奪還されたことについて公にコメントを出していないのも驚きではない。

<目標達成か>

プーチン大統領が事態を沈静化しようとするのには他にも理由が考えられる。少なくとも差し当たり、大統領がウクライナで成し遂げたかったこと全てを達成した可能性があるからだ。

ウクライナのポロシェンコ大統領は、ドネツクやルガンスクといった親ロ派の多い地域により権限を与え、ロシアとの政治的・経済的関係強化を可能とする和平案を作成。また、同和平案は、ロシアが求めていたロシア系住民の権利を保証しており、ロシアがウクライナへの影響力を維持する機会を提供するものとなっている。

プーチン大統領はまた、ウクライナに北大西洋条約機構(NATO)への加盟を目指す動きを後退させるという恐らく最も重要な譲歩を勝ち得た。

プーチン氏はこれまで幾度となく、安全保障にとってあまりに大きな脅威となるため、ロシアは冷戦時代の敵であるNATOにウクライナが加盟することは許さないと明言してきた。

「ウクライナ情勢が進展する中、われわれのパートナーは何を期待していたのだろうか」。プーチン大統領は先週、集まった大使たちにこう尋ねた。

そして自分の質問に対し、ロシアはクリミアを「ナショナリストや過激な武装勢力」の好き勝手にはさせず、黒海への出入りを限定しなければ、NATOに「ロシア軍事的栄光の地」に踏み入らせることになるとし、「これはロシアがピョートル大帝の時代以降もしくはそれ以前から、戦ってきたこと全てを事実上あきらめることを意味する」と答えた。[モスクワ 7日 ロイター]

(Timothy Heritage記者、翻訳:伊藤典子、編集:宮井伸明)

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A Ukrainian forces serviceman guards their position at the check-point near Slavyansk, Donetsk region on July 4, 2014. Ukrainian President Petro Poroshenko has told EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton he was ready to convene new European-mediated crisis talks with separatist leaders and Russian officials on Saturday. AFP PHOTO/ GENYA SAVILOV (Photo credit should read GENYA SAVILOV/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:GENYA SAVILOV via Getty Images)
UKRAINE-RUSSIA-CRISIS-POLITICS(39 of43)
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Local residents of the small eastern Ukrainian city of Nikolayevka, near Slavyansk, taken back by Ukrainian forces last Thursday, disassemble the rubble of a house destroyed during combats with pro-Russian militants, on June 5, 2014. Resurgent government forces on June 5, 2014 hoisted the Ukrainian flag over Slavyansk, the pro-Russian rebels\' main stronghold, after a devastating shelling assault that levelled much of the city but delivered Kiev its biggest success of the campaign. AFP PHOTO/ GENYA SAVILOV (Photo credit should read GENYA SAVILOV/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:GENYA SAVILOV via Getty Images)
UKRAINE-RUSSIA-CRISIS-POLITICS(40 of43)
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Local residents of the small eastern Ukrainian city of Nikolayevka, near Slavyansk, taken back by Ukrainian forces last Thursday, clear the rubble of a building destroyed during combats with pro-Russian militants, on June 5, 2014. Resurgent government forces on June 5, 2014 hoisted the Ukrainian flag over Slavyansk, the pro-Russian rebels\' main stronghold, after a devastating shelling assault that levelled much of the city but delivered Kiev its biggest success of the campaign. AFP PHOTO/ GENYA SAVILOV (Photo credit should read GENYA SAVILOV/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:GENYA SAVILOV via Getty Images)
UKRAINE-RUSSIA-CRISIS(41 of43)
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A member of the Ukrainian forces looks at a burned APC of pro-Russian militants, outside Nickolayevka, a small eastern Ukrainian city near Slavyansk, on July 5, 2014, two days after the city was taken back by Ukrainian forces. Resurgent government forces on June 5, 2014 hoisted the Ukrainian flag over Slavyansk, the pro-Russian rebels\' main stronghold, after a devastating shelling assault that levelled much of the city but delivered Kiev its biggest success of the campaign. AFP PHOTO/ GENYA SAVILOV (Photo credit should read GENYA SAVILOV/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:GENYA SAVILOV via Getty Images)
UKRAINE-RUSSIA-CRISIS(42 of43)
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Ukrainian troops ride an armoured personnel carrier (APC) bearing the Ukrainian flag through a field of sunflowers towards Nickolayevka, a small eastern Ukrainian city near Slavyansk, on July 5, 2014, two days after the city was taken back by Ukrainian forces. Resurgent government forces on June 5, 2014 hoisted the Ukrainian flag over Slavyansk, the pro-Russian rebels\' main stronghold, after a devastating shelling assault that levelled much of the city but delivered Kiev its biggest success of the campaign. AFP PHOTO/ GENYA SAVILOV (Photo credit should read GENYA SAVILOV/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:GENYA SAVILOV via Getty Images)
UKRAINE-RUSSIA-CRISIS(43 of43)
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A Ukrainian helicopter flies above a field, by a check-point outside Nickolayevka, a small eastern Ukrainian city near Slavyansk, on July 5, 2014, two days after the city was taken back by Ukrainian forces. Resurgent government forces on June 5, 2014 hoisted the Ukrainian flag over Slavyansk, the pro-Russian rebels\' main stronghold, after a devastating shelling assault that levelled much of the city but delivered Kiev its biggest success of the campaign. AFP PHOTO/ GENYA SAVILOV (Photo credit should read GENYA SAVILOV/AFP/Getty Images) (credit:GENYA SAVILOV via Getty Images)